Annuities are often sold as “tax-advantaged,” but what do taxes actually look like when you’re in retirement? It’s important to understand the “wait now, pay later” nature of tax-deferred growth and annuity taxation. Retirement isn’t the time to get caught off guard by tax surprises.
The name of the game is keeping more of your retirement check and not overpaying Uncle Sam. The first step in maximizing your tax strategy is understanding what you have and how your investments are taxed. This is an essential part of a comprehensive financial plan to make the most of your retirement savings.
The “Where” Matters: Qualified vs. Non-Qualified Annuities
The first step to understanding how an annuity is taxed is deciphering what type of annuity you’re talking about. In other words, what tax “bucket” is your money in? Annuities are classified into two main categories for tax purposes: qualified and non-qualified.
Qualified Annuities (The Pre-Tax Bucket)
The term “qualified” simply means the annuity was funded with pre-tax dollars (such as an IRA or 401(k)). The catch? The money you pull out is taxed as ordinary income.
These annuities are either purchased inside your employer plan or funded with a rollover from a qualified (pre-tax) plan. In these instances, the IRS typically counts your cost basis (the amount you paid for the asset) as zero.
Non-Qualified Annuities (The After-Tax Bucket)
A non-qualified annuity is purchased with after-tax money. In other words, these are funded with money outside a qualified plan. In most cases, only the earnings are taxed when you withdraw them.
There are some overly complicated rules on exactly how to calculate the taxable portion of a non-qualified annuity. We’ll go over this in more depth below.
Ordinary Income vs. Capital Gains
Remember, annuity gains are taxed at your regular income rate, not the lower capital gains rate. This can be confusing because exclusion ratios and other annuity tax considerations depend on several distinct factors.
Bottom line, annuities don’t function like a regular investment asset. These are often extraordinarily complex, with sometimes circular language in the contracts themselves. Even seasoned professionals have difficulty decoding the legalese and the interplay among various riders and if/then rules.
For a non-qualified annuity, there are specific rules based on how and when you choose to receive your money. In other words, a single lump-sum distribution or one-off withdrawal changes how the IRS views it. The “normal” way to receive annuity payouts is through regular, usually monthly, payments.
The Exclusion Ratio
If you “annuitize” and start receiving monthly distributions, each payment from the annuity is part return of principal (tax-free) and part earnings (taxed). This spreads the tax bill over your (theoretical) lifetime or the specific contract length. For a qualified annuity, your cost basis is generally considered $0 for tax purposes.
For most annuities, you’ll follow what’s called the general rule. In short, you’ll spread out the cost of the annuity over a certain period. This is based on your age and the chart in the Form 1040 instructions.
The specifics can be complex, but we’ll outline the “basic” process for calculating your exclusion ratio.
Step 1: Determine Net Cost
The first step is to determine your net cost in the annuity contract. This is based on your payments into the annuity contract adjusted for your age (life expectancy), any unpaid loans, or other special circumstances.
Step 2: Calculate Your Expected Return
Next, you’ll calculate the money you’re expected to receive from the annuity. This is what the IRS calls your expected return. Calculate the expected return using the normal monthly payment amount and the total number of payments.
This is also adjusted for your age and/or life expectancy. If you have a variable annuity, your actual returns may differ significantly. A fixed annuity will vary as well (check the contract for crediting rate calculations).
Step 3: Determine the Exclusion Ratio
Divide your net cost from step one by the expected return from step two. Round this number to the “nearest three decimal places,” which is the IRS’s confusing way of saying nearest tenth. If your exclusion ratio is 0.5174257425742574 (calculated using the IRS example), your actual percentage is 51.7%.
Step 4: Apply to First Regular Payment
Next, you’ll apply the exclusion ratio to your first regular periodic payment. For example, if your exclusion ratio is 40%, and your first payment of the year is $500, then $200 is a tax-free return of cost. Multiply that by 12, and your annual exclusion amount is $2,400.
Keep in mind, this is a simplified version of the general rule. There are other exceptions for the death of an annuitant and other factors. Your personal situation and annuity will be different.
Exceptions to the General Rule
If your annuity started after July 1, 1986, and before November 19, 1996, you could have chosen the Simplified Method or the General Rule. However, you can’t change your election. We’ll very briefly cover the simplified method.
Image Credit: NextGen Wealth
The Simplified Method
The simplified method is covered in IRS Publication 575. This is the method used for qualified annuities. There are still exceptions, and some non-qualified annuities might use the simplified method to determine exclusion amounts.
In short, the simplified method divides your total cost by the estimated number of payments listed at the bottom of the simplified method worksheet. The number of payments is determined using your age.
The last section of the simplified method form tracks your total recovered costs from the annuity.
More Information on General Rule versus the Simplified Method
Refer to IRS Publication 939 for more information on whether your annuity is subject to the general rule or simplified method. It’s 85 pages of sleep-inducing specifics on annuity taxation.
Interestingly enough, you can actually pay to have the IRS calculate your exclusion ratio. The fee is $1,000 as of today. In return, you’d receive a “letter ruling” from the IRS explaining your exclusion ratio. The fact the IRS has this process should be a sign of how complicated annuity taxation can be.
This is why coordinating with your accountant can be so valuable. We highly recommend engaging a competent tax professional to ensure your taxes are prepared correctly.
Single Distributions and the “Earnings First” Rule
For random withdrawals, called “nonperiodic distributions” by the IRS, the IRS assumes you’re taking your gains out first. It’s “Last-In, First-Out,” meaning you pay taxes upfront before you get to your tax-free principal.
Also, the IRS doesn’t deduct your assumed cost (basis) for surrender charges. The surrender charges are all on you to cover. Regardless, it’s generally best to follow the contract rather than take distributions at random, though there are some exceptions for hardship.
The “Survivor” Rule
Another rule to keep in mind is how annuity taxation applies if you outlive your life expectancy. It eventually becomes 100% taxable. This is because your tax exclusion is limited to the total cost you paid for the annuity.
Once you’ve received the cost back, you can’t claim an exclusion. Everything you receive after your maximum exclusion is fully taxable as income.
Avoiding IRS Penalties
In addition to the other complex annuity taxation rules, you still need to be mindful of specific ages and dates. Just like other retirement accounts, there are rules for when you can withdraw funds penalty-free.
The 59½ Line in the Sand
Like other qualified accounts, withdrawals from qualified annuities before age 59½ are subject to the 10% early withdrawal penalty. If you need to withdraw funds for early retirement, you may want to explore alternative early retirement options.
Similar to other traditional retirement accounts, annuities are subject to required minimum distributions. However, there are rules (and exceptions) for your required beginning date as well. Your required beginning date is usually age 73 or the year you retire.
Furthermore, SECURE 2.0 enhanced the ability to count certain annuity payments as a portion of your RMDs. If you have an annuity within a qualified account, such as an IRA, your annuity payments count toward the total RMD for the account it’s held in. Before SECURE 2.0, the RMD would have to be taken from other investments inside the account.
In theory, your calculated payments for your annuity will meet your RMD because they’re both based on life expectancy. It’s always best to check so you don’t get hit with the 25% excise tax for failing to take your RMD.
On the other hand, non-qualified annuities aren’t subject to RMDs.
Rules for 1035 Exchanges and Annuities
In some cases, it might be a good idea to swap an old annuity for a new one without triggering a massive tax bill. You can use a 1035 exchange to switch to a different annuity. However, you must be careful not to trigger surrender charges, lose your mortality credits, or lose out on unique features you may need.
How an Annuity Affects Your Heirs
As with everything else, annuities have unique rules when the owner passes away. The type of annuity is important as well. In general, you’ll apply annuity taxation as if you were the original owner of the annuity.
Annuities don’t get the same “step-up in basis” as stocks or a home. It can be messy to close an estate which has an annuity.
Spousal Continuity
For joint-life annuities, the surviving spouse will continue to receive payments based on the contract terms. In some cases, their payments may be reduced, so ensure you understand what’s specified in the contract. There are additional rules for applying the exclusion ratio in this case.
The rules vary slightly depending on whether the original owner/annuitant had started receiving payments. In general, there is still a “return of basis” for the original cost of the contract.
If the annuity owner had started payments, the estate can deduct the portion of the estate tax attributable to the annuity. If the annuity payments had not begun, the death benefit would be treated as income, but the estate could still claim an estate tax deduction.
Annuities vs. Life Insurance
Although annuities are insurance products, they are taxed differently from the death benefits paid under a life insurance contract. Annuities are “tax-deferred,” but death benefit payments from life insurance are generally “tax-free” for the designated beneficiary.
Making Taxes Part of Your Retirement Strategy
As the saying goes, don’t let the tax “tail” wag the investment “dog,” but we don’t need to pay extra to the IRS either. Trust us, they’ll take what they’re owed. Don’t let taxes catch you by surprise.
Furthermore, make sure you understand the potential ongoing tax headaches you get with an annuity. It can get messy quickly, and the IRS doesn’t always care whether you understand everything before assessing a penalty.
Have a Plan
If you don’t already have a clear, written financial plan, you need one. Whether you think you have a complex situation or not, there’s a ton of value in having a game plan. This is especially important if you’re considering a complex financial product like an annuity.
Discover financial advisors trusted by residents of Missoula, Montana in the only local directory featuring 5-Star Certified Advisor Review™ recipients and Wealthtender Voice of the Client Award™ winners—recognition earned for exceptional client feedback. Compare fiduciary, fee-only advisors, CFP® professionals, and specialists to find the right fit for your unique financial needs.
Whether you have lived in Missoula for years or recently moved to town, you may need help finding the right financial advisor in the community best suited for your individual needs.
It’s important to first consider your own financial planning priorities before choosing an advisor. Here are a few quick tips to help you get started along with financial advisors in Missoula featured on Wealthtender you may want to add to your shortlist.
Featured Missoula Financial Advisors
As you prepare to interview financial advisors in Missoula who may be right for you, get to know local financial advisors featured on Wealthtender.
📍 Map: Financial Advisors with their Primary Office Location in Missoula
Double-click (or pinch the map on mobile devices) to zoom in and expand the details for financial advisors whose primary office location is in Missoula.
The Benefits of Hiring a Financial Advisor in Missoula
Hiring a financial advisor can be a great move to help you build a long-term investing strategy. Advisors can help you build an investment portfolio to meet your financial goals and help you plan appropriately for retirement.
As a resident living in Missoula, hiring a financial advisor who lives nearby and understands the local economy, cost of living, and regional employers can be quite valuable, especially if your individual circumstances are deeply tied to such factors.
Do you work for one of the largest employers in Missoula? If so, there’s a good chance the local financial advisor you hire will also have other clients who work there. This knowledge could prove valuable if they are already familiar with your employee benefits, such as a 401(k) plan, Health Savings Accounts, and other components of your total compensation package.
When you reach out to financial advisors you’re considering hiring, let them know where you work and ask if they are familiar with your employer’s unique benefits and compensation structure.
Quick Tips For Hiring an Missoula Financial Advisor
Before hiring a financial advisor in Missoula, here are a few quick tips to help you find the best advisor for you.
1. Decide Which Services You Need
Before hiring an advisor, determine what services you need from them. Whether it’s full-service investment management or a plan focused on a specific area of your finances, put together a list of what you’d like help with before contacting an advisor.
Though most people use a financial planner simply to invest for retirement, this is only a small part of what many advisors offer. Here’s a quick rundown of potential services a financial advisor may offer you:
Budgeting and money management
Debt management
Insurance planning
Retirement planning
Other investment planning
Inheritance planning
Estate planning
Tax planning
As you can see, financial advisors can help you with your entire financial picture, not just investing. As you start to plan for life’s bigger milestones, you should consider finding a financial advisor that specializes in those areas.
Finding the right advisor can help you minimize risk, maximize gains and take advantage of tax breaks while investing for your future. They can also help you protect your assets with the right kinds of insurance and help you pass on your financial legacy with a proper estate plan.
2. Consider Your Budget and Payment Preferences
Once you have a list of services you would like, review the fee structures financial advisors offer. Finding a balance between the services you need and the cost of those services will help narrow down the field of advisors you may want to work with.
If you are looking for a full-service advisor to manage all of your investments, consider searching among fee-based financial advisors. If you want to manage your money yourself, consider the flat fee and monthly subscription advisors for ongoing support.
3. Interview Multiple Financial Advisors
Once you have chosen the services and fee structure you prefer, it’s time to contact a few advisors and interview them. Here are questions to ask financial advisors:
What services do you provide?
What are all the ways you get paid? (fee transparency)
What is your investment strategy?
How do you measure investment performance?
How do we communicate about my plan?
Interview multiple advisors to get a feel for who you want to work with. A combination of fees, services, and customer service will help you determine the best fit for your financial advice.
4. Review Financial Advisor Credentials
Once you find an advisor (or two) you feel comfortable with, it’s always a good practice to check their credentials and the firm’s details. You can do this at the Investment Adviser Public Disclosure (IAPD) website.
You can check both the individual and the firm to view their background and experience details, as well as any disciplinary action taken against them or their firm.
As licensed financial professionals, there is oversight into how financial advisors conduct business, so running a quick (free) check on them is recommended.
For additional information about advisor credentials, read our article to learn the most popular designations held by financial advisors, as well as specialized credentials which may be important to consider if you have unique financial planning needs.
Frequently Asked Questions & Additional Resources
How do I know if I’m ready to hire a financial advisor?
You should strongly consider hiring a financial advisor if you have a significant amount of money available for saving or investing. This could occur after years of making annual contributions to a retirement plan like a 401(k) through your employer or suddenly if you receive a large inheritance or sell your house for a large profit.
But even if you don’t have a lot of money saved, many financial advisors and planners provide reasonable pricing options and valuable services you should consider, especially if you’re facing a significant life event. For example, if you’re starting a new job, getting married, starting a family, getting divorced, lost your job, starting or selling a business, or approaching retirement age, working with a trusted financial advisor or planner may prove worthwhile.
Before I hire a new financial advisor, should I fire my current advisor?
You don’t need to fire your current advisor before beginning your search for a new financial advisor. In fact, your new advisor can help coordinate the transition of your assets from your previous financial advisor.
Where can I read reviews about financial advisors written by their clients to help me decide if I should hire them?
After 60 years of regulatory prohibition of financial advisor reviews in the US, a rule issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) became effective on May 4, 2021 that means both financial advisors and directory websites that help consumers search for a financial advisor can collect and display financial advisor reviews, an important factor worth considering when choosing who you’ll hire to manage your investments and life savings.
Wealthtender is the first independent advisor review platform designed to be fully compliant with the new SEC rule, and we look forward to helping you evaluate financial advisors based on reviews written by their clients.
I’m a local financial advisor interested in being featured in this guide. How do I get started?
Thanks for your interest. We look forward to learning more about your practice and helping you attract your ideal clients where you may be a good fit based on their individual needs and circumstances. Please click here to learn how you can join local financial advisors featured on Wealthtender.
Brian is CEO and founder of Wealthtender and Editor-in-Chief. He and his wife live in Austin, Texas. With over 25 years in the financial services industry, Brian is applying his experience and passion at Wealthtender to help more people enjoy life with less money stress. Learn More about Brian
Do you work at Dimensional Fund Advisors? Get the resources you need and expert insights from financial professionals who specialize in helping Dimensional employees make the most of their compensation package and benefits.
Whether you’re a new employee of Dimensional Fund Advisors or you’ve moved up the ranks into a management or executive leadership role over a multi-year career, it’s important to make smart money moves with your income and employee benefits. For example:
✅ Do you know the right moves to make to get the greatest value from the Dimensional benefits available to you?
✅If you’re thinking about leaving Dimensional Fund Advisors for another job or planning to retire from the company in a few years, are you taking the right steps today to ensure you will receive all of the compensation and benefits that you’ve earned?
Get the Most Value from the Benefits and Compensation Package Available to Dimensional Employees
Throughout the year, Dimensional provides its employees and executives with updates about their benefits ranging from health insurance and health savings plans to retirement plans like a 401(k) and deferred compensation plans. While the company offers many useful resources and access to knowledgeable staff who can assist with questions, you’ll also find financial professionals not affiliated with Dimensional Fund Advisors who specialize in helping Dimensional employees make the most of their income and benefits.
Whether you work in the Dimensional Fund Advisors headquarters in Austin, Texas, another office location around the country, or remotely from home, you may have questions about your compensation package and benefits better suited for a financial professional who can offer unbiased advice and guidance.
For example, sensitive topics like discussing the steps you should take before quitting your job at Dimensional Fund Advisors to work elsewhere or deciding when you should plan to retire are all conversations that may be more comfortable with a trusted financial advisor.
Should you hire a Dimensional Fund Advisors specialist financial advisor or an advisor close to home?
You’ll likely find dozens of nearby financial advisors well-suited to help you reach your money goals with a personalized plan. But it may be more difficult to find a financial advisor who specializes in serving Dimensional employees.
Fortunately, many financial advisors offer virtual services so you can meet online no matter where you (or they) live.
This means you can choose to hire a specialist financial advisor who lives hundreds of miles away if you decide their knowledge and experience working with Dimensional employees is a better fit to help with your unique needs.
💡 In the Q&A below, you’ll gain insights from financial advisors who work with Dimensional employees to help them make smart decisions to get the most value from their compensation and benefits, reduce their money stress, and prepare for a comfortable retirement.
🙋♀️ Do you have questions not yet answered? Use the form below to submit questions anonymously and watch this article for updates with answers to your questions. You can also reach out to the financial advisors below to set up an introductory call or contact them with your questions by email.
💸 Smart Money Insights for Employees & Executives of Dimensional Fund Advisors
This page is organized into sections to help you quickly find the information you need and get answers to your questions:
Q&A: Financial Planning Tips for Dimensional Employees & Executives
Get Answers to Your Questions About Your Dimensional Benefits and Career
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Q&A: Financial Planning Tips for Employees & Executives of Dimensional Fund Advisors
Answers to Dimensional Employee Questions with Kelly Klingaman, CFP®, RLP®
Kelly Klingaman is a financial advisor based in Austin, Texas who specializes in offering financial planning services to employees of Dimensional Fund Advisors. Kelly helps her clients get the most value from their Dimensional benefits and compensation package so they can enjoy life and feel confident about their financial future.
Q: When you first speak with a Dimensional employee, what questions do you like to ask to better understand their unique circumstances and determine how you can best help them achieve their goals?
Kelly: During our initial consultation, I’ll ask about your current financial situation and what specific events or topics have prompted you to reach out. I also want to explore your values and vision for living a great life. Why is money important to you? What is essential to living a great life? If we decide to work together, your “why” gives us a lens to look through when making future financial decisions.
Q: Are there a particular benefits available to Dimensional employees you feel aren’t as well utilized or understood by employees as they should be?
Kelly: Dimensional provides a nice amount of free cash into your 401k as a match, so it’s important you’re contributing at least 6% of your salary to this retirement account. There’s a lot of confusion around whether to make pre-tax contributions or Roth contributions to your 401k, and this is highly dependent on other factors like your cash flow needs and your household marginal tax bracket. The truth is, there isn’t one static choice to make here – it could shift each year! I talk through these tradeoffs with each of my Dimensional employee clients on an annual basis to make sure they’re selecting the option that makes the most sense for short and long-term wants and needs.
Dimensional also offers two different medical plans, one being their HSA Health Plan, and I find that you might struggle to understand whether or not this high-deductible plan with a Health Savings Account is a sensible choice for your family. As of 2026, Dimensional gives a sizable amount of free cash into your Health Savings Account: $1500 for individuals and $3000 for families. I’ll help you understand the power of treating your HSA as a tax-free retirement account, and we create a system for investing the cash systematically and “paying yourself back” in the future for current medical expenses.
Q: Beyond Dimensional employee benefits for retirement savings, are there other types of benefits offered by the company that you find valuable to discuss with your clients?
Kelly: In recent years, Dimensional has added a four-week sabbatical every 10 years, and there is an enhancement to the Long-term Incentive Plan for senior level employees where they’ll give a 50% match on top of elective bonus contributions. There is also a new Key Contributor Program for top-performing employees who are not eligible for the LTIP yet. In this program, you can earn discretionary Key Contributor Awards (KCAs) at a minimum of $10,000 that pay out over three years.
Q: For Dimensional employees thinking about leaving the company to accept a job elsewhere, what actions do you recommend they take before resigning and shortly thereafter?
Kelly: For senior level Dimensional employees who have a good amount of vested Phantom Units in their Long-term Incentive Plan (LTIP), they need to understand that they would lose this financial benefit entirely if they leave the company – these shares don’t go with them. It’s important to understand the vested value and use that amount in negotiations with any potential new employer as part of their overall compensation package.
Q: For Dimensional employees who have managed their finances on their own to this point, what would you suggest they consider to help them decide if they should begin working with a financial advisor at this stage in their lives?
Kelly: Dimensional employees have the unique advantage of working inside a company with strong ties to the independent financial advisor community, and the firm fosters a deep respect for the value of financial advice. Despite these ties, employees often feel like they’re supposed to know exactly how to DIY the management of their own personal finances because they work for a financial firm.
As Dimensional employees reach upper-level roles (Managers, Regional Directors, Vice Presidents), this is a good time to consider working with a professional. Maybe you lack the accountability and guidance to focus on your financial health amidst the demands of a successful career and busy home life. Or perhaps you’ve built a great foundation for wealth and you’re making a competitive salary, but what are you missing and how do you prioritize your financial to-do list?
There is also a big consideration for hiring an independent, unbiased professional to guide you and your spouse through all the household financial decisions, big and small. Perhaps you want to feel connected with your partner when it comes to money, especially around aligning how you use your financial resources to live your ideal lives.
Q: What are some of the unique financial planning challenges you commonly see among your clients who are Dimensional employees and how do you help them overcome these obstacles?
Kelly: One of the unique challenges for Dimensional employees, especially those of you at a Regional Director or Vice President level, is the fact that a big portion of your total compensation comes in a semi-annual or annual bonus. This can be hard to manage in terms of balancing your cash flow across the entire year, plus you likely will get hit with unexpected tax consequences. These could be underpayment penalties and/or an unexpected large tax bill come April 15th because this supplemental income is taxed at a flat 22% tax rate. Oftentimes, your household tax bracket is much higher, so you end up owing additional tax money to the IRS. Realistically, it might even be necessary to make an estimated tax payment to avoid an underpayment penalty. Most W-2 employees have never made an estimated tax payment before, so the whole ordeal is confusing and complicated to manage.
Q: For highly compensated Dimensional employees and executives, are there any special benefits you believe it’s important to take into consideration when preparing their financial plan?
Kelly: For senior level Dimensional employees making $250K+ in total compensation, a percentage of your bonus is deferred into the Long-term Incentive Plan (LTIP) to purchase Phantom Units. Generally, the more you earn while working at Dimensional, the more your compensation is tied to the growth of the firm. It’s important from a financial planning perspective to manage this potential concentration risk where your human capital and a growing portion of your financial capital are both tied to the performance of the firm.
I also don’t see many highly compensated Dimensional employees taking advantage of their recent Mega-Backdoor Roth option inside the 401k plan. There are also many tradeoffs to consider with financial planning strategy to decide whether or not it makes sense to add more to the Roth/retirement bucket or to use extra cash flow in other ways.
Get to Know Kelly Klingaman, Financial Advisor for Employees of Dimensional Fund Advisors:
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About the Author
Brian Thorp
Founder and CEO, Wealthtender
Brian is CEO and founder of Wealthtender and Editor-in-Chief. He and his wife live in Austin, Texas.
With over 25 years in the financial services industry, Brian is applying his experience and passion at Wealthtender to help more people enjoy life with less money stress.
Managing money as a couple is one of the most important things you can do for your relationship and your financial future. Yet most couples rarely sit down together to actually talk about it in a structured way. Life gets busy, conversations get avoided, and before long, financial stress starts to quietly build beneath the surface.
That’s where the money date comes in.
A money date is a scheduled, intentional time you set aside with your partner to review your finances together. It doesn’t have to be long or complicated. In fact, the simpler you keep it, the more likely you are to actually do it. Once a month is a good rhythm for most couples, though some prefer every two weeks, especially when working toward a specific goal.
Couples who regularly discuss money report higher relationship satisfaction and better financial health. This is why regular money dates can be so valuable for your relationship.
The goal isn’t to audit each other or assign blame. It’s to stay connected to your shared financial picture so you can make decisions together, reduce surprises, and work toward the things that actually matter to you as a team.
Here’s a checklist you can work through together at every money date.
Your Monthly Money Date Checklist
Review Last Month’s Spending Together
Start by pulling up your spending from the past month. This could be your budgeting app, a spreadsheet, your bank account, or your credit card statements. The format doesn’t matter as much as actually looking at the numbers together.
The point here isn’t to critique every purchase. It’s to get an honest picture of where your money went. Did spending align with what you both value? Were there any surprises? Did any categories run higher than expected?
This is also a good time to notice patterns. If dining out keeps coming in over budget, that’s useful information. Maybe the budget needs to be adjusted, or maybe it’s a signal to be more intentional. Either way, you’re making that decision together instead of one person silently stewing about it.
Keep this part of the conversation neutral and curious, not accusatory. You’re reviewing data, not assigning fault.
Check Progress on Shared Savings Goals
Whether you’re saving for a vacation, a home down payment, a new car, or an emergency fund, your money date is the time to check in on how those goals are progressing.
Pull up the balance in whatever account you’re using for each goal. Compare it to where you expected to be by now. If you’re on track, great. If you’ve fallen behind, you can talk about why and decide if you want to adjust your contribution or your timeline.
Having a visual tracker for savings goals can make this part of the conversation more motivating. Watching a number grow, even slowly, reinforces that your efforts are adding up.
If you don’t have shared savings goals yet, this is also a good time to start defining them. What are the two or three things you’re both most excited to save toward in the next year? Getting specific about goals makes it much easier to stay committed to them.
Identify Upcoming Big Expenses for Next Month
Take a few minutes to think through what’s coming up financially in the next 30 days. Are there any irregular or larger-than-usual expenses on the horizon?
This might include things like:
A car registration or annual insurance premium
A birthday or anniversary gift
Planned home maintenance or a repair
A school event or activity fee
Travel or a hotel for a trip you’ve already booked
Flagging these ahead of time helps you plan for them rather than getting caught off guard. It also gives you a chance to decide together how you’ll cover them, whether that’s from a sinking fund, from discretionary spending, or by temporarily cutting back somewhere else.
This step alone can eliminate a significant amount of financial stress. Most financial surprises aren’t truly surprises. They’re just expenses that weren’t planned for in advance.
Discuss One Financial Win Each Person Had Since the Last Date
This one might feel a little uncomfortable at first, especially if you’re not used to celebrating financial progress. But it matters.
Each person shares one thing they feel good about financially from the past month. It doesn’t have to be dramatic. Maybe you resisted an impulse purchase, automated a savings transfer, increased your 401(k) contribution, negotiated a lower rate on a subscription, or finally called to dispute a charge you’d been putting off.
Acknowledging progress, even small progress, builds positive momentum. It also helps reinforce that both people in the relationship are making an effort, which strengthens trust and keeps the financial conversation from feeling like it’s only about problems.
This part of the money date sets a constructive tone and reminds you both that you’re on the same team.
Confirm All Bills Are Paid or Scheduled
This is the unsexy but important housekeeping portion of the money date.
Go through your regular monthly bills and confirm that everything is either paid or scheduled. This includes utilities, rent or mortgage, subscriptions, loan payments, insurance premiums, and anything else that hits your accounts regularly.
If you have bills set to autopay, verify that the payment amounts look right and that there’s enough in the account to cover them. Autopay is convenient, but it can also lead to surprises if a rate changes or a payment processes at an unexpected time.
This step only takes a few minutes, but catching a missed payment or an unexpected charge during your money date is a lot less stressful than catching it after a late fee or an overdraft.
Review Debt Payoff Progress
If you’re currently paying down debt, whether that’s credit cards, student loans, a car loan, or anything else, your money date is a good time to check in on where things stand.
Look at the current balances and compare them to last month. Are they going down? Is the payoff strategy still the one you both agreed on? Are there any opportunities to accelerate payoff, like applying a bonus, a tax refund, or some extra cash flow toward a balance?
Watching debt balances decrease can be genuinely motivating, and celebrating that progress together makes the effort feel worth it.
If debt isn’t currently part of your picture, you can skip this step or use the time to talk about your strategy for staying debt-free going forward.
Ask: “Is There Anything Money-Related Causing You Stress Right Now?”
This is arguably the most important item on the list, and the one most couples skip.
Financial stress rarely announces itself clearly. More often, it shows up as irritability, avoidance, or tension that seems unrelated to money but usually isn’t. Giving each person a direct, low-pressure opportunity to name what’s worrying them can prevent a lot of that from building up.
The question is simple: Is there anything money-related causing you stress right now?
Maybe one person is anxious about job security. Maybe there’s a financial decision coming up that feels overwhelming. Maybe someone has been avoiding opening a certain account because they’re afraid of what they’ll see. Whatever it is, this question creates a safe opening to bring it into the conversation instead of carrying it alone.
You don’t have to solve everything in the money date. Sometimes just naming a concern out loud to your partner is enough to take the edge off it. And sometimes, it opens a conversation that leads to a plan.
A Few Tips for Making Your Money Date Work
You don’t need to make this elaborate. Some couples do their money date over brunch on a Sunday morning. Others do it over dinner on a weeknight. Some keep it to 20 minutes, others go longer. The format is flexible.
What matters is that it’s consistent and intentional. Put it on the calendar like any other commitment. Protect the time. And agree in advance to keep the conversation constructive.
If you and your partner are just getting started with money dates, it’s okay if the first few feel a little awkward. That’s normal. Financial conversations can carry a lot of emotional weight, especially if you’ve had conflict around money in the past. The structure of a checklist actually helps here because it gives you something concrete to focus on instead of letting the conversation drift into old patterns.
Over time, the money date becomes something most couples genuinely appreciate. It removes the guesswork from your finances, reduces conflict, and helps you feel like a real team when it comes to building the life you want together.
Financial stress in relationships often comes not from lack of money but from lack of communication. The money date is a practical way to change that.
By setting aside a small amount of time each month to review your spending, track your goals, look ahead, celebrate progress, and check in emotionally, you build the kind of financial partnership that makes everything else easier.
You don’t have to be perfect at it. You just have to show up.
Frequently Asked Questions About Money Dates
How long should a money date actually take?
For most couples, 15 to 30 minutes is a reasonable target. If you’re just starting out, your first few sessions might run longer as you set up systems and get comfortable with the format. Once you’ve established a rhythm and your finances are organized, many couples find they can get through the checklist in 10 to 15 minutes. The goal isn’t to spend hours on it. It’s to be consistent.
What if one partner is more interested in finances than the other?
This is extremely common. One person in most relationships tends to be the “money person,” and the other is less engaged. The money date helps bridge that gap because it creates a regular, low-stakes opportunity for the less financially engaged partner to stay informed without having to manage everything day to day.
Keep the conversation accessible. Avoid jargon. And remember that engagement usually grows over time once the less interested partner starts to see the value in staying connected to the financial picture.
Should we combine our finances before starting money dates?
That said, if you’re not sure what approach to take with your accounts, a money date is actually a great time to have that conversation.
What if our money date turns into an argument?
It happens, especially in the beginning. Money is emotional, and old tensions can surface when you start talking about it openly. A few things that help: agree on ground rules before you start, such as no blame and no bringing up past mistakes. Stick to the checklist so the conversation stays focused on information rather than grievances. And if things get heated, it’s okay to pause and come back to it later.
The goal is progress, not perfection. If financial conflict is a recurring and serious issue in your relationship, working with a couples therapist or a financial therapist can be genuinely helpful.
Do we need a budgeting app or special software to do this?
No. A shared spreadsheet, a notes app, or even paper works fine. What matters is that you both have access to the same information during your money date. If you don’t already have a system for tracking spending, a money date is a good time to decide together what tool you want to use going forward. But don’t let the lack of a perfect system stop you from starting. You can always refine your tools as you go.
How do we handle it if one partner earns significantly more than the other?
Income differences can create subtle power imbalances in financial conversations if you’re not careful. The key is to approach the money date as a conversation between equals regardless of who earns what. Both people’s perspectives, concerns, and goals deserve equal weight. If income disparity is creating real tension around spending, saving, or decision-making authority, that’s worth addressing directly, either in your money dates or with the help of a financial advisor or therapist who can help you build a structure that feels fair to both of you.
What if we have very different financial personalities?
One person might be a natural saver, while the other tends to spend more freely. One might be comfortable with financial risk while the other prefers security. These differences are common and don’t have to be a problem. In fact, they can balance each other out.
The money date creates a regular space to acknowledge those differences, understand where the other person is coming from, and find a middle ground that works for both of you. The structure of the checklist helps keep the conversation grounded in shared goals rather than personal habits.
When is a good time to start doing money dates?
Now. There’s no financial milestone you need to hit first. You don’t need to be debt-free, fully employed, or have a certain amount saved. Money dates are useful at every stage of a financial journey, whether you’re just starting out, actively building wealth, or navigating a financial challenge.
The earlier you establish the habit, the more natural it becomes. And if you’ve been together for years without ever having a structured financial conversation, it’s still not too late. Starting now is always better than waiting for the perfect moment.
Find financial advisors in Biloxi, Mississippi ready to help with your financial planning needs so you can enjoy life more with less money stress.
Whether you have lived in Biloxi for years or recently moved to town, you may need help finding the right financial advisor in the community best suited for your individual needs.
It’s important to first consider your own financial planning priorities before choosing an advisor. Here are a few quick tips to help you get started along with financial advisors in Biloxi featured on Wealthtender you may want to add to your shortlist.
Featured Biloxi Financial Advisors
As you prepare to interview financial advisors in Biloxi who may be right for you, get to know local financial advisors featured on Wealthtender.
📍 Map: Financial Advisors with their Primary Office Location in Biloxi
Double-click (or pinch the map on mobile devices) to zoom in and expand the details for financial advisors whose primary office location is in Biloxi.
The Benefits of Hiring a Financial Advisor in Biloxi
Hiring a financial advisor can be a great move to help you build a long-term investing strategy. Advisors can help you build an investment portfolio to meet your financial goals and help you plan appropriately for retirement.
As a resident living in Biloxi, hiring a financial advisor who lives nearby and understands the local economy, cost of living, and regional employers can be quite valuable, especially if your individual circumstances are deeply tied to such factors.
Do you work for one of the largest employers in Biloxi? If so, there’s a good chance the local financial advisor you hire will also have other clients who work there. This knowledge could prove valuable if they are already familiar with your employee benefits, such as a 401(k) plan, Health Savings Accounts, and other components of your total compensation package.
When you reach out to financial advisors you’re considering hiring, let them know where you work and ask if they are familiar with your employer’s unique benefits and compensation structure.
Quick Tips For Hiring an Biloxi Financial Advisor
Before hiring a financial advisor in Biloxi, here are a few quick tips to help you find the best advisor for you.
1. Decide Which Services You Need
Before hiring an advisor, determine what services you need from them. Whether it’s full-service investment management or a plan focused on a specific area of your finances, put together a list of what you’d like help with before contacting an advisor.
Though most people use a financial planner simply to invest for retirement, this is only a small part of what many advisors offer. Here’s a quick rundown of potential services a financial advisor may offer you:
Budgeting and money management
Debt management
Insurance planning
Retirement planning
Other investment planning
Inheritance planning
Estate planning
Tax planning
As you can see, financial advisors can help you with your entire financial picture, not just investing. As you start to plan for life’s bigger milestones, you should consider finding a financial advisor that specializes in those areas.
Finding the right advisor can help you minimize risk, maximize gains and take advantage of tax breaks while investing for your future. They can also help you protect your assets with the right kinds of insurance and help you pass on your financial legacy with a proper estate plan.
2. Consider Your Budget and Payment Preferences
Once you have a list of services you would like, review the fee structures financial advisors offer. Finding a balance between the services you need and the cost of those services will help narrow down the field of advisors you may want to work with.
If you are looking for a full-service advisor to manage all of your investments, consider searching among fee-based financial advisors. If you want to manage your money yourself, consider the flat fee and monthly subscription advisors for ongoing support.
3. Interview Multiple Financial Advisors
Once you have chosen the services and fee structure you prefer, it’s time to contact a few advisors and interview them. Here are questions to ask financial advisors:
What services do you provide?
What are all the ways you get paid? (fee transparency)
What is your investment strategy?
How do you measure investment performance?
How do we communicate about my plan?
Interview multiple advisors to get a feel for who you want to work with. A combination of fees, services, and customer service will help you determine the best fit for your financial advice.
4. Review Financial Advisor Credentials
Once you find an advisor (or two) you feel comfortable with, it’s always a good practice to check their credentials and the firm’s details. You can do this at the Investment Adviser Public Disclosure (IAPD) website.
You can check both the individual and the firm to view their background and experience details, as well as any disciplinary action taken against them or their firm.
As licensed financial professionals, there is oversight into how financial advisors conduct business, so running a quick (free) check on them is recommended.
For additional information about advisor credentials, read our article to learn the most popular designations held by financial advisors, as well as specialized credentials which may be important to consider if you have unique financial planning needs.
Frequently Asked Questions & Additional Resources
How do I know if I’m ready to hire a financial advisor?
You should strongly consider hiring a financial advisor if you have a significant amount of money available for saving or investing. This could occur after years of making annual contributions to a retirement plan like a 401(k) through your employer or suddenly if you receive a large inheritance or sell your house for a large profit.
But even if you don’t have a lot of money saved, many financial advisors and planners provide reasonable pricing options and valuable services you should consider, especially if you’re facing a significant life event. For example, if you’re starting a new job, getting married, starting a family, getting divorced, lost your job, starting or selling a business, or approaching retirement age, working with a trusted financial advisor or planner may prove worthwhile.
Before I hire a new financial advisor, should I fire my current advisor?
You don’t need to fire your current advisor before beginning your search for a new financial advisor. In fact, your new advisor can help coordinate the transition of your assets from your previous financial advisor.
Where can I read reviews about financial advisors written by their clients to help me decide if I should hire them?
After 60 years of regulatory prohibition of financial advisor reviews in the US, a rule issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) became effective on May 4, 2021 that means both financial advisors and directory websites that help consumers search for a financial advisor can collect and display financial advisor reviews, an important factor worth considering when choosing who you’ll hire to manage your investments and life savings.
Wealthtender is the first independent advisor review platform designed to be fully compliant with the new SEC rule, and we look forward to helping you evaluate financial advisors based on reviews written by their clients.
I’m a local financial advisor interested in being featured in this guide. How do I get started?
Thanks for your interest. We look forward to learning more about your practice and helping you attract your ideal clients where you may be a good fit based on their individual needs and circumstances. Please click here to learn how you can join local financial advisors featured on Wealthtender.
Brian is CEO and founder of Wealthtender and Editor-in-Chief. He and his wife live in Austin, Texas. With over 25 years in the financial services industry, Brian is applying his experience and passion at Wealthtender to help more people enjoy life with less money stress. Learn More about Brian
If you live in Maryland, you’re already paying some of the highest taxes in the country, but chances are, you’re paying even more than you have to. Most residents only think about taxes when it’s already too late to do anything about them: at filing time, when the decisions are already made and the opportunities are gone. The good news? With the right deductions, credits, and a little proactive planning throughout the year, you could keep thousands more of your hard-earned dollars. Here are 10 strategies to legally reduce your Maryland state and local income taxes, and why starting now matters more than you think.
I’ve been a Marylander for almost 30 years. Although I’ve lived on three continents (four, if you count a couple of months in Antarctica), in three countries, and in two US states, I’ve lived here longer than anywhere else.
There’s a lot to love about Maryland. Just look at the photo below, taken not far from my home, and you’ll start to see why:
Maryland autumn, 2022. Photo by the author.
However, the tax burden isn’t one of the things I love about my home state.
According to the Tax Foundation, Maryland has the 11th-highest per-capita tax burden in the country, about 13% above the U.S. average (based on 2022 data).
As Ben Simerly, CFP®, Financial Advisor and Founder of Lakehouse Family Wealth and former Marylander, says, “Maryland has literally become famous for unique and destructive taxes. To my knowledge, it’s the first state or territory, or in some cases one of the few, to tax the rain, provide more than a dozen forms of property taxes, and even tax money at the state level both at the time of death and inheritance.
“For some, living in Maryland isn’t optional. Many federal workers and military personnel and their families are required to live and work in the region. If this is you, make the best of the situation. You may not get hazard pay like you would in earlier days of government service in the region, but with some help from pros, you can lessen the ill effects on your finances.
“Here are our top areas of tax concern in Maryland. First, Maryland has its own particularly vindictive capital gains tax, despite gains already being taxed under several other state and federal codes.
“It applies an extra 2% capital gains tax mainly on households with federal Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) above $350,000.Even if your household doesn’t normally make over $350,000, your AGI could get ‘bumped’ over $350k due to, e.g., receiving a large bonus; selling a house that appreciated too much; moving financial assets between account types that causes a taxable event; owning shares in mutual funds that distribute significant capital gains, dividends, and interest; etc. These can all trigger a ‘capital gains’ trap, which happens far more easily than you might think.
“Second is additional death and estate taxes. Maryland levies a 10% tax on inheritance to the beneficiary, even if the money was taxed at the benefactor’s death. That’s right, it taxes the money yet again. And that’s after the also unique state inheritance tax of between 8% and 16% on estates with a gross value of $5 million.
“There are look-back clauses too, meaning you can’t simply move to avoid the tax; you have to move long enough before death or inheritance to avoid the tax. States like Maryland, New York, and California will follow you around the world to collect taxes from you and take you to court or send agents if it goes that far.
“My retirement planning work with Maryland clients over the years shows that most could retire 10 years sooner and have dramatically higher retirement income outside of Maryland, largely due to the benefits of rollovers occurring outside of the state.
“So, for Maryland residents, we often plan out income for even young families the way you normally only would for someone approaching Medicare age or already retired. We do everything we can to keep income under certain thresholds and then get the resident out of Maryland as soon as humanly possible.”
If I had to, I’d bet a nickel (assuming I can still find one in these digital times) that many Marylanders overpay their taxes. Not because they’re careless, but because they start thinking about it too late.
If you’re a higher-income Maryland resident, that can mean paying several thousand dollars in higher taxes per year than you’re legally required to. And once that money is gone, you don’t get it back.
By the time you’re filing your tax return, your tax liability is already set. At that point, your income is already set, your deductions and credits have already been earned (or not), and most opportunities to reduce your tax bill are behind you.
At that point, it’s mostly a question of how well you (or your tax software) identify the deductions and credits you’re eligible for.
That’s why if you want to reduce your Maryland taxes, filing better is a secondary priority. Your top priority should be to focus on better tax planning and strategy.
Three Types of Tax-Reducing Moves for Maryland Residents
There are only three legal ways to pay lower income tax.
Lower your taxable income, ideally without reducing your standard of living (e.g., by using more and larger deductions).
Take advantage of all tax credits for which you qualify.
Make smarter timing and structural decisions.
Many taxpayers focus on the first, but still miss some opportunities, take partial advantage of the second, and almost entirely miss the third.
That’s why, even if they do everything perfectly at tax-filing time, they end up paying more than they could have.
The following are 10 tips for reducing your Maryland state and local income taxes. Some are straightforward. Others require a bit of planning. Most are easier to implement before the tax year is over.
You don’t have to use all 10, but the more you miss, the more of your hard-earned money you’ll leave on the table.
Lower Your Taxable Income
If you ask most people, this is what they’ll identify as a good way to reduce their taxes.
It’s natural. It’s the most straightforward way to reduce taxes.
But there’s a catch.
There’s using this lever, and then there’s USING it.
The former means contributing whatever you feel you can to your traditional retirement plans, using the standard deduction, and letting things flow as they will over the years.
This leaves lots of opportunities on the table, unused.
The latter requires being more proactive and committed.
Here are the top three examples.
1. Maximize Pre-Tax Retirement Contributions
If you can’t afford to maximize your retirement contributions without counting on the tax deduction, and especially if you’re already in a high tax bracket, this may be your best bet.
Not only does it reduce your federal taxable income, but it also reduces your taxable income for Maryland state and local taxes.
Table 1 shows some examples of how much you can lower your 2026 income taxes (federal, state, and local) by contributing an extra $10k to your traditional 401(k) account if you file “married filing jointly” and live in, e.g., Howard County, Maryland.
Table 1. Example 2026 tax savings (federal, state, and local) for a married couple living in Howard County, Maryland, by increasing traditional 401(k) contributions by $10k.
Clearly, the majority of the tax savings come from the federal portion, but the state and local tax reduction can go as high as $980, or 0.98% (for residents of Dorchester County with a Maryland taxable income above $1.2 million).
If you’re one of those who don’t max their retirement contributions, this is the simplest and most powerful place to start, but only if you make the contributions before the end of the tax year!
And unlike many strategies, this one is (almost) entirely within your control.
2. Use Maryland’s 529 Deduction as Much as Possible
Maryland has a relatively generous deduction for people who set aside money for their dependents’ (or their own) education.
You can deduct contributions to Maryland 529 plans, up to $2500 per contributor, per beneficiary, per year.
That means that, if you’re married and have two kids, you could potentially deduct up to $20k a year ($5k from you and your spouse per beneficiary, for each of your kids, plus for the two of you).
What’s more, you can carry over excess contributions for up to 10 years.
That means that if you, e.g., open a plan for your child when she’s born, and contribute $5k a year from you and your spouse until your daughter goes to college, then contribute $20k in her freshman year and another $50k during her senior year, all of those contributions can ultimately be deducted.
That’s $160k-worth of deductible contributions spread over 32 years.
Even if you can’t afford to set aside money until your kid goes to college, but you do pay $70k in tuition and other eligible educational expenses during his college career, you can deduct those over the four years of college, plus the following decade.
And the most incredible thing about this deduction, in my opinion, is that you can contribute to the plan, then take the money out the very next day to pay the tuition bill, and it’s still deductible!
And lest we forget, if your kid doesn’t go to college or has such large scholarships that there’s a large balance left over, you can change beneficiaries, or you can use a SECURE 2.0 provision to convert up to $35k of the remaining balance into a Roth IRA for the beneficiary.
Few deductions offer this much flexibility with this much impact.
3. Don’t Blindly Use the Standard Deduction
Despite the significant increase in the federal standard deduction over the past several years, if you own a home with a large mortgage, make significant charitable donations, and perhaps have high medical expenses, itemizing can still reduce your taxable income by more than the standard deduction would.
And the larger your federal deduction, the lower your taxable income for Maryland state and local taxes.
The above three tips are the most visible lever and the one that most people focus on.
But if you stop there, you’re likely missing more powerful opportunities.
Take Full Advantage of Tax Credits
Tax deductions are great. They reduce your taxable income, which reduces your taxes.
But there’s something even better.
Tax Credits.
For every $1 of tax deductions, your Maryland state and local taxes drop by about $0.08. But for every $1 of Maryland tax credits, your Maryland state and local taxes drop by a full $1!
If deductions are about trimming around the edges, credits are where meaningful reductions often happen.
The only problem is that, while more valuable from a tax reduction perspective, credits are far more tightly targeted.
Maryland offers quite a few such tax credits. The problem is that most middle-to-high earners assume credits don’t apply to them and never take the time to verify that assumption.
Here are a few credits worth checking carefully.
4. Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit
Even if your adjusted gross income is in the 6 figures, Maryland offers a substantial tax credit for child and dependent care expenses.
The Maryland credit amount is figured as a percentage of the federal Child and Dependent Care Credit (CDCC), which can be 20% – 32% of qualified expenses up to $3000 for a single dependent or $6000 for two or more dependents.
That percentage depends on your filing status and your federal AGI. Table 2 shows some examples for couples who file jointly, have two dependents, and paid $6k or more in qualified care expenses.
Table 2. Example 2026 tax savings (federal, state, and local) for a married couple living in Maryland, claiming the CDCC for $6k or more in qualified expenses for two kids.
5. Senior Tax Credit
Maryland offers a tax credit for seniors, even if their federal AGI is up to $150k if married filing jointly or up to $100k if single.
The credit takes up to $1750 off your Maryland tax bill if both spouses are 65 before the end of the tax year. If it’s a single taxpayer, or a couple where only one is 65 by the end of the tax year, the senior tax credit is $1000.
6. First-Time Homebuyer Subtraction
If you and your spouse (if any) are Maryland residents, haven’t owned or purchased a home in the past seven years, and contributed money to a first-time home buyer savings account, you can subtract from your taxes the lower of $5000 or the amount you contributed in the tax year, plus earnings from the account for the tax year.
You can do this for up to 10 years.
The earnings subtracted cannot exceed $50k over the 10 years.
There are caveats.
First, by the end of 15 years from when you open the account, you must use the account balance toward a down payment and/or eligible closing costs for buying a home in Maryland. Any amount not so used counts as taxable income in the following year.
Second, amounts withdrawn from the account for purposes other than eligible first-time home buying expenses count as taxable income for the tax year of the withdrawal and are also subject to a 10% penalty. Three exceptions are rollovers, bankruptcy, and administrative costs charged by the financial institution for the savings account.
Some other possible credits to investigate include:
As mentioned above, don’t simply assume that you make too much to qualify. That just increases your risk of leaving easy money on the table, paying higher taxes than you owe.
Also, you may qualify for certain income-limited credits you wouldn’t normally qualify for in years when your income is lower than usual. This could be due to, e.g.:
Being unemployed or underemployed for part of the year (or, hopefully not, all of it).
Living off withdrawals from a Roth account, taxable portfolio, and/or savings accounts.
Living off untaxable proceeds from the sale of a home or other property.
There’s no doubt that tax credits can be a powerful tool in reducing your Maryland state and local income tax.
But even these aren’t necessarily your biggest tax-cutting opportunity.
That will often result from planning and making optimal timing and strategic decisions.
Strategic Decisions and Timing – Where Planning Shines
As helpful as tax deductions may be, and as powerful as tax credits are, there’s someplace else where the biggest savings often are, and where many people leave the most money on the table.
Some because they prefer not to make the changes that would reduce their state and local taxes by the largest amount, but many others just don’t make the right moves in time.
This is the only category where decisions made months or even years earlier can completely change your tax outcome.
Simerly says, “While most of the available tax credits or deductions for Maryland are automatically asked about or applied by tax software and or accountants, some areas require more advanced planning.”
7. Time Income and Deductions Proactively
You don’t want the tax tail to wag your income dog, but the progressive nature of our tax system lets you reduce your long-term total taxes by avoiding spikes in taxable income that would push you into higher tax brackets.
This is true for federal taxes, but also for Maryland state and local taxes.
For example, if you have an especially high income in a specific year, you can:
Ask to defer at least part of your bonus (if any) to the following tax year.
Avoid realizing capital gains that year, holding off on selling appreciated assets until the following year.
Harvest tax losses by selling assets whose current value is lower than your basis in them.
Bunch charitable contributions into that year from the previous and/or next year.
The crucial thing is to be intentional and make the necessary decisions proactively, when you still have the flexibility to make them.
8. Coordinate Federal and State/Local Tax Decisions Intelligently
A Roth conversion is a plausible long-term tax-reduction and estate-planning strategy.
However, it’s important to consider your short-term taxes, including your Maryland state and local income taxes.
If you’ve decided on a Roth conversion, carry it out during years when you’re in a lower tax bracket.
Similarly, if you’re retired, you may benefit from drawing more out of your tax-deferred retirement accounts in years when your taxable income is otherwise lower than typical.
9. Where You Live Matters
Your Maryland state and local income tax could vary by up to 13% simply because you live in one jurisdiction vs. another.
For example, the local income taxes in Worcester County and Talbott County are relatively low, at 2.25% and 2.40%, respectively. Local tax in Dorchester County is the highest, at 3.30%.
All other counties fall between those extremes, with Anne Arundel and Frederic Counties charging progressive taxes, per taxable income.
In this age of remote work, all other things being equal, you could shave over 1/8 of your Maryland state and local tax by moving from a high-local-tax-rate county to the lowest one.
Crucially, if for some reason the Comptroller of Maryland can’t identify your county of residence, you will be taxed at the highest local tax rate, of 3.30%. So if you live in a county that charges a lower rate, make sure you identify it correctly on your state tax return.
10. Treat Tax Planning as a Year-Round Process
Most people only think about how they can reduce their taxes when it’s mostly too late.
At tax filing.
By then, your income is already earned, your decisions are already implemented, and your tax-reduction opportunities are mostly gone.
If you want to minimize your state and local taxes, you need to do more than file better. You need to plan, decide, and execute earlier.
This means you need to:
Review your situation before year-end (preferably far before that point).
Identify opportunities.
Make adjustments while they can still affect your taxes.
Dr. Steven Crane, Founder of Financial Legacy Builders, shares, “In my experience, the biggest state tax wins usually come from decisions around income timing and where income shows up. Maryland has relatively high state and local taxes, so things like Roth conversions, retirement withdrawals, and even where assets are held can make a noticeable difference. I’ve worked with clients who didn’t realize that simply shifting how and when they recognize income could save them thousands over time.
“One of the biggest mistakes I see is people treating state taxes as an afterthought. They focus on federal planning but ignore how state and local taxes stack on top of that. Another common issue is not coordinating decisions; someone might take a large distribution, sell assets, or exercise stock options without realizing the full state tax impact until it’s too late.”
The Bottom Line for Maryland Residents
If you’re a Maryland resident, especially one paying relatively high state and local income taxes, your biggest-impact tax-reduction strategy isn’t to find a single large tax break you somehow missed all these years.
It’s to identify and take advantage of all the deductions you’re legally allowed to take, claim all the tax credits you’re eligible for, and most crucially, make proactive choices before the end of the tax year, when they can still reduce your taxes.
The goal isn’t to find one big tax break. It’s to avoid small inefficiencies that add up over time.
Crane agrees, “The biggest thing I wish people understood is that tax planning isn’t something you do in April. By then, most of the decisions are already locked in. The real opportunities happen during the year, when you still have flexibility to control income, deductions, and timing. At the end of the day, reducing state taxes isn’t about finding one big trick. It’s about being intentional with how your financial life is structured and making small decisions that add up over time.”
You may already be implementing some of the above tips.
But it’s a good bet that you’re missing one or more and overpaying your taxes, year after year, as a result.
To reduce your Maryland state and local taxes as much as legally possible, identify the tips you’re missing and implement them as soon as possible.
The earlier you start, the more options you’ll have.
And the more options you identify and take advantage of, the more control you’ll have over how much of your money you’ll get to keep.
If you consider yourself financially disciplined, this is one area where that discipline can pay off directly. Because when it comes to taxes, the difference between ‘good enough’ and ‘well planned’ can mean thousands of dollars a year back in your pocket.
Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be considered financial advice. You should consult a financial professional before making any major financial decisions.
About the Author
Opher Ganel, Ph.D.
My career has had many unpredictable twists and turns. A MSc in theoretical physics, PhD in experimental high-energy physics, postdoc in particle detector R&D, research position in experimental cosmic-ray physics (including a couple of visits to Antarctica), a brief stint at a small engineering services company supporting NASA, followed by starting my own small consulting practice supporting NASA projects and programs. Along the way, I started other micro businesses and helped my wife start and grow her own Marriage and Family Therapy practice. Now, I use all these experiences to also offer financial strategy services to help independent professionals achieve their personal and business finance goals. Connect with me on my own site: OpherGanel.com and/or follow my Medium publication: medium.com/financial-strategy/.
You’ve hit $1 million… now what? That milestone puts you ahead of most Americans your age, but it also changes the game in ways you might not expect. The biggest risk is no longer saving too little; it’s making less-than-optimal decisions with what you’ve built. So should you stick with the DIY approach that got you here, or is it time to bring in professional help? The answer isn’t as simple as your net worth. Here are nine signs you’d benefit from a financial advisor, and five signs you’re doing just fine on your own.
Hitting $1 million is a big milestone, and one worth celebrating. You’re ahead of roughly three out of four Americans your age. But unless you’re comfortable with a modest retirement budget, think around the median U.S. household income, you need to keep building.
But now that you’re “worth” seven figures, the game changes in ways you may not expect. At this point, the biggest risk is no longer saving too little. You’ve already proven you can save and invest. It’s making less-than-optimal decisions with what you’ve built and will keep building, and, without realizing it, giving up hundreds of thousands of dollars over time. Money that could let you retire earlier and/or live better once you do.
That’s why it’s worth stepping back and asking the question differently:
Is your best move to stay the DIY course, or would you do even better with professional support?
Things That Could Be Costing You Sleep
If you’ve crossed the $1 million mark, you might be asking yourself:
I’ve done well, but will staying solo get me to the finish line, or am I at the point where DIY stops being enough? In other words, isn’t this a case of “if it ain’t broke, don’t fix it”?
Am I leaving money on the table by not using an advisor? Am I being penny-wise and pound-foolish?
I don’t want to pay 1% unless it’s actually worth it. Is it?
What does a good advisor actually do that I can’t do, or do as well, on my own?
I don’t want to get sold things I don’t need. How do I avoid being pitched products and investments that benefit the advisor more than me?
These are all excellent questions. And not the kind you want to leave unanswered.
That’s exactly what we’ll walk through here.
The Core Question Isn’t What You Think It Is
Now that you’ve saved $1 million, do you really need a financial advisor?
It seems like a simple yes/no kind of question, right?
Unfortunately, it runs afoul of something Albert Einstein warned us: “Every problem should be simplified as far as possible, but no further!”
Posing this as a “Do you or don’t you?” question oversimplifies the issue to the point that it sets you up to get it wrong.
Because the answer isn’t based on a single number, even if it’s relatively large, like $1 million. Lots of people with more than $1 million manage just fine on their own. I did, for many years. At the same time, many people, even with less than $1 million, would benefit from professional advice.
The question isn’t if you could do it on your own. You’ve already proven that you can.
The better question is this: Would hiring the right financial pro help you do better than you could on your own?
In other words, which approach gives you the best fee-adjusted outcome, financially and behaviorally?
A Quick Way to Think About It
Before we go deeper, here’s a simple way to frame it.
You’re more likely to benefit from working with a financial advisor if:
Your financial life is getting more complicated, especially around taxes (hello 150-page tax return! Am I being tax efficient?), retirement planning (I need to plan to what age?! Is the 4% rule the best strategy?), or other major decisions (think providing for special-needs kids, negotiating a compensation package, etc.).
You’re not certain you’re optimizing what you’ve built.
You’d rather not manage every detail yourself or worry about missing something important, and worse, setting your spouse up for an unmanageable scenario if you die first.
You’re more likely to be fine on your own if:
Your finances are relatively straightforward (think W2 wages, renting, investing in low-cost index funds, etc.) , and you may be single with no kids.
You follow a disciplined, low-cost investment approach (e.g., a basket of Exchange-Traded Funds, or ETFs, charging sub-0.1% annual management fees).
You enjoy managing your money and can consistently stay on top of it.
Most people don’t fall cleanly on one side or the other. And even if they do today, they may find themselves changing sides in the future.
And that’s the point.
How to Use What Follows
This isn’t about checking off a bunch of boxes on a checklist and calling it a day.
Most people who can benefit from professional financial advisors don’t have just one reason for it. They typically see themselves in several of the “yes-side” items we’ll cover below.
So, as you keep reading, rather than asking yourself if you match all of them perfectly, ask yourself if you’re closer to “yes” than “no” for enough of them.
That will make your personal answer clearer.
With that in mind, we’ll walk through the signs that suggest you might benefit from professional advice, starting with those that tend to have the biggest long-term impact.
Nine Signs You Might Benefit from Working with a Financial Advisor
There are several common scenarios where professional advice can make the biggest difference, where things gradually become more complex, and mistakes become more costly.
1. Complicated tax situations
Early on, your tax situation was likely simple.
You had W2 income, took the standard deduction, and perhaps funded a traditional IRA and/or a pre-tax 401(k) account.
But now, with over $1 million in net worth and the income that helped build it, things stopped being so simple. Most likely, more than one of the following describes your current tax situation:
You own a business (or five) that brings in enough money that self-employment taxes are uncomfortably high.
Your taxable brokerage account generates qualified and unqualified dividends, and both short-term and long-term capital gains.
You have a mix of pre-tax and Roth IRAs and 401(k) accounts, and tapping them each has different tax implications.
You’re starting to hit income phase-outs for Roth contributions and certain deductions (or have long ago passed that marker).
You’re facing a Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) cliff in a couple of decades, so you want to do Roth conversions, but are not sure how much to convert and when.
You’re receiving multiple K-1 forms from different states and/or own properties in more than one state.
You’re thinking of moving to a different state.
Individually, these aren’t too complicated, at least not beyond tax season. But taken together, you have a system where a change in one place affects everything else, and where even small inefficiencies could be costing you thousands or tens of thousands of dollars each year.
For example, it took a while until I learned that electing to have my consulting practice, a sole-member LLC, taxed as an S-corp would save me tens of thousands in self-employment taxes.
It took changing accountants to teach me that.
And if I had had a good financial advisor back then, he or she would likely have suggested making the change a few years earlier.
It may not be flashy like identifying the next Amazon or Nvidia when they’re still small, but a good advisor adds value by coordinating decisions across your entire financial picture.
2. Approaching or entering retirement
I won’t lie.
I’ve been a dyed-in-the-wool personal-finance DIYer for decades.
I reached “work-optional” status and reduced my workload by 90%. I describe myself now as “mostly retired.”
I put together a monster spreadsheet that tracks and projects our finances, revenues, business expenses, personal expenses, estimated taxes, and investment outcomes for the past 12 years and almost forty years into the future. Call me weird, but I enjoy it.
But one thing I’ve never done before is to retire and live off a portfolio. So, I started wondering, how many things are out there that “I don’t know that I don’t know” and that could end up biting me on the rear end?
I tried two flat-fee advisory companies. Both were epic failures.
Then, I found a sort of “family office light” service, where I work with an experienced advisor rather than a different fresh-out advisor each call.
We just kicked things off, so I’ll report on my experience with him in the future. But thus far it’s promising. I especially appreciated his plausibly pushing back on some of the assumptions in my projections spreadsheet that put me at risk of retirement failure in a few decades.
When you’re in the accumulation phase, things are relatively simple. Save (a large enough fraction of your income) consistently, invest for growth, and stay the course. But when the flow reverses? When, instead of feeding your portfolio, you now need it to feed you?
Now you need to figure out:
How much can you safely withdraw each year?
From which accounts should you withdraw money, in what order, and in what proportions, to minimize taxes and maximize your long-term results?
How do you mitigate sequence-of-returns risk? I.e., how do you prevent an early-retirement market crash from eviscerating your retirement plan?
And the real problem is that there isn’t a single “right” answer for everyone.
Your personal answer depends on:
Your mix of taxable, pre-tax, and Roth accounts, and how that mix evolves throughout your retirement.
Your Social Security claim timing.
Your spending needs and how those evolve, especially with any large unplanned expenses that may crop up.
Your legacy desires, and how those might change.
Market conditions for equities, bonds, and other asset classes you may invest in.
Getting things right in all these domains can add to your discretionary spending in retirement, reduce the risk of running out, leave more for heirs and/or charities, and even let you accomplish all these with fewer years of full-time work.
Getting things wrong, or even less optimally, will likely not immediately show up on your radar, but you’ll face a less friendly outcome when it’s too late to do much about it.
3. Dealing with a major life transition or financial event
Every once in a while, something comes up that raises the stakes and/or reduces your margin of error. Things like selling a business, going through a divorce, having to support aging parents or adult children, or, on the more positive side, receiving a major bonus, stock option award, or inheritance.
These aren’t everyday things.
They come with considerations for tax impacts, timing, and hard-to-reverse tradeoffs, and you’re likely dealing with a lot emotionally. Having an experienced, objective advisor can help make decisions that will more likely turn out to your satisfaction.
4. Estate and legacy planning
You’ve hit and exceeded $1 million. That means your financial plan isn’t just about you anymore.
What if something happens to you (and possibly your spouse, too)?
How do you want your assets to be passed on? How can you set that up to minimize your heirs’ red tape nightmare?
You need estate planning, including wills and trusts, designating primary and secondary beneficiaries (I just revisited mine), coordinating accounts, ensuring legal documents are easily found by your heirs, and optimizing taxes on assets you leave behind.
And all this has to be done in a way that will work in real life, not just on paper.
This is where a good financial advisor can help, crafting a comprehensive, coordinated plan that addresses and minimizes complexity and reduces risk.
Having addressed complexity, we move on to how you react when life happens. How do you make the best decisions possible when things go wrong?
And even if you make good decisions, do you lose sleep because you’re not sure they’re the best possible ones?
5. You struggle with market volatility
When the markets keep climbing, everyone’s a genius, long-term investor. But about once every four years, the bear strikes. When it does, it isn’t as easy to stay unemotional and disciplined. The headlines are screaming that the sky is falling, and recency bias makes it look like the red ink will keep flowing indefinitely, so you’re wondering if you shouldn’t cut your losses and sit out the rest of the drop.
When this happens, even if you know a crash is just an opportunity to buy stocks at a discount, it’s beyond difficult to do the right thing, and buy the dip, or at least follow the saying, “Don’t just do something! Stand there!”
Because knowing the right thing to do (or not do) and being emotionally capable of executing it are two completely separate things.
Even smart investors get caught up in the drama and sell at the wrong time, sit on the sidelines in cash way too long because they’re afraid the most recent move back up is a “dead cat bounce,” and even when they do move back in, they chase what’s worked for others recently, which is more than likely no longer the best bet.
This is where a financial advisor’s value can be huge. Not just helping you manage your portfolio, but more importantly, managing your emotional response to what’s happening to it.
6. You stress over your decisions
In today’s financial environment, if your net worth broke through seven figures, there are a lot of decisions to be made, sometimes a few a year, but other times several a day. So you decide and act. But then, you start wondering:
“Does my Roth conversion plan optimize taxes for my heirs and me?”
“Is my portfolio allocation too aggressive, too conservative, or just right?”
“Can I really retire at age X?”
“Does it make sense to buy that vacation home my spouse wants?”
“How much can I donate to our congregation?”
“How much can I give my kid to help with buying a first home?”
“Am I missing something obvious?”
These are all financial decisions, but they’re also deeply emotional.
In extreme cases, you may be losing sleep. I’ll confess, this has happened to me more than once, especially around the decision to mostly retire at age 63.
But even in less extreme cases, you may feel stressed, which isn’t good for your next decision, and even more so for your physical health.
A financial pro can add a pair of knowledgeable eyes, helping you validate your decisions when you pick the best option, catch things you may have missed, and give you confidence in moving forward.
Having a neutral third party can also help keep things calm and constructive when you need to negotiate these decisions with your spouse or kids.
7. You don’t have the time or, frankly, the interest in managing everything
It’s not (just) about picking investments. You’ve done enough of that to reach a net worth higher than most.
But you still need to:
Monitor your investment allocations and rebalance when appropriate.
Manage and optimize taxes, including harvesting tax losses.
Review accounts for unexplained charges or withdrawals.
Make sure your spending aligns with your priorities and stays within your budget.
Stay current with changes in law, rules, and regulations, and how they impact your plan.
You can do all of this, especially if you keep up with financial and tax changes.
However, doing all of it takes time, attention, and emotional bandwidth. You may miss something important. And even if you don’t, it still takes time and energy away from the rest of your life. What’s more, you may simply not enjoy doing it.
I mean, I enjoy reading about the markets, optimizing our portfolio, and especially running multi-decade projections (I told you, I’m weird!)
But I very much doubt you’re that weird.
And if you don’t enjoy it, having to do it adds to your everyday stress, and adds to your “to-do list” things that feel like nagging chores. And if you’re like me, things that feel like that get put off until you can’t put them off anymore.
And by the time you get to them, they’re no longer just important. They’re urgent too. And you may not have enough time to address them well.
And you may also miss something from time to time, and over time, small missed actions can compound into major missed opportunities.
If this sounds like you, wouldn’t outsourcing these things improve not just your outcomes, but also your quality of life?
Would you rather spend the time and energy on tracking everything and optimizing your finances, or delegate as much as possible to a professional advisor so you can concentrate on work/business, family, friends, health and fitness, hobbies, and travel?
8. You’ve become a single point of financial failure
Even if you have everything down to a science, with systems in place to keep everything humming along, what happens if, heavens forbid, you get hit by the proverbial bus?
Could your spouse step in without missing a beat? Could even your kids step in and help your spouse without anything important being dropped?
This is something I’ve been pondering a lot, especially in recent years, after hitting age 60.
And my answer is still, “Not really.”
Frankly, that’s scary. And it’s another reason to have a financial advisor’s support. Our advisor can help by providing continuity of decision-making, serving as a resource to negotiate a painful time, and helping ensure my plan continues providing for my wife.
9. You want to do better than just “fine”
You’ve already shown you can do just fine as a DIYer.
But what if “fine” isn’t enough?
What if you want things optimized so you aren’t leaving money on the proverbial table?
A good advisor can help you optimize, structure things more efficiently, find smarter and easier ways of reaching your goals, and have all that happen without increasing the load on you.
Things like optimal tax efficiency, safe withdrawal strategies that let you spend more in retirement without increased risk of running out, and allocating assets so your returns can cover your expenses, inflation, and a bit extra for growth.
These are all signs that hiring a financial advisor may benefit you.
But that’s not the case for everyone.
Next, let’s look at who, having hit $1 million, would do just as well without paying an advisor.
Five Signs You’re Likely Fine on Your Own
The above 9 signals all point in the same direction – getting an advisor can be helpful and very much worth it.
But in many cases, the opposite may be true.
Plenty of people have reached seven figures and are perfectly capable of continuing the DIY path, saving significant money in fees that aren’t worth it for them.
Here are the 5 most common signs.
1. Despite being “worth” $1 million, your financial life is still simple
If, despite your net worth milestone, you still have just W2 income, a 401(k), some IRAs, and a couple of checking and savings accounts, and especially if you’re single with no kids, your financial situation is simple enough that you don’t need a financial pro’s help.
2. Your investment strategy is simple, low-cost, and adequately diversified
You have money in a basket of low-cost, broad-market index ETFs, and enough money in low-risk, liquid accounts to cover an emergency. You understand how asset allocation works, and your allocation makes sense given your age and net worth. When the market crashes, you stay the course or even take advantage to buy temporarily discounted assets.
If that’s you, you aren’t paying high fees (this was one of my portfolio’s weak points for a long time, paying about 0.8% annual mutual fund management fees, rather than sub-0.1% index ETF management fees).
You also don’t constantly tweak things, and don’t chase yesterday’s hot assets, which by now are likely overpriced and ready to revert to the mean anyway (i.e., drop in price right after you pile in). This means there’s less of a difference for a financial advisor to make for you.
3. You actually enjoy managing your finances and follow through consistently
This was me, in spades, for decades. I enjoyed knowing where every dollar we spend goes; projecting our revenues, business expenses, personal expenses, taxes, and investment results; optimizing our strategy; and continuously reading, learning, and writing about personal finance.
Plus, I consistently followed through on our plan. That consistency compounded into long-term results that got us to where we are. If that describes you, too, then managing your finances isn’t a burden. It’s fun (crazy, right?)!
All this means that you’re less likely to miss anything important or simply neglect it until it’s too late, without needing a financial pro to look over your shoulder and keep cluing you in.
4. You’re comfortable making decisions without constant validation
If you can make important decisions regularly, without stressing and second-guessing, and if you can make these decisions thoughtfully, accepting that there’s rarely a “perfect answer,” you can move forward without losing sleep and without getting paralyzed.
If that’s you, a financial advisor’s value for you is far less than for most mere mortals.
5. The math just doesn’t justify the fees
Financial advisors aren’t set up as a charity. They’re professionals who need to be compensated for their knowledge, expertise, experience, and time.
And different advisors use different fee structures. For example:
Assets Under Management (AUM) fees, e.g., 1% a year to manage a $1 million portfolio. The AUM rate usually drops as your assets increase.
If you’re looking at paying 1% of $1 million, that’s $10k a year. The table below shows how this may evolve over a 20-year period.
The table assumes a median tiered AUM fee schedule, where you’re charged 1.0% for the first $1 million, 0.8% for the portion from $1 million to $2.5 million, 0.65% for the portion from $2.5 million to $5 million, and 0.5% above that.
It also assumes 7.5% annual portfolio growth.
Projected fees are adjusted for a presumed 3.5% annual inflation.
The benefit/(loss) columns assume The benefit/(loss) columns assume that without advice, your annual return would be lower by 0.5% or 1%. With the former, fees exceed the pure financial return. With the latter, they don’t.
Table 1. Projected cost and benefit of (AUM-based) financial advice. The Benefit (Loss) columns show the net impact of fees after assuming 0.5% or 1% lower investment returns for DIY.
You have to ask yourself if the value you’d likely get from hiring an advisor would be much greater than the cost. In the table, we assume your annual DIY returns would be lower than your advised returns by 1%, which results in a win for hiring an advisor.
If we assume just a 0.5% performance penalty, the picture flips (but note that we’re only looking at investment returns, ignoring all other possible benefits). If your situation is so simple and well-organized that the value simply isn’t there, an advisor is likely not a good fit for you.
At least not yet. It may still be worth considering a flat fee, one-time, full financial plan, but you may not even need that yet.
Where Does All This Leave You, and Why Is It a Harder Decision Now?
Some of the first 9 signals probably resonated, at least somewhat.
Some of the last 5 may also feel right.
That’s to be expected.
This isn’t a binary decision. And at this stage of your financial life, the right answer is about what will give you the best outcome, with the least stress, over time. Unfortunately, that decision tends to get harder, not easier, once you’re in “seven-figure land.”
You’d think you’ve already done the hard part, right? You saved, invested, stayed disciplined, and crossed into seven-figure territory. Can’t you just “rinse and repeat?”
In some ways, yes.
Building wealth from nothing was relatively simple, if not easy.
Spend less than you earn.
Build an emergency fund so you don’t get easily derailed.
Consistently invest the difference between your income and your spending in a low-cost, diversified portfolio.
Even if you aren’t perfect, time and discipline do the heavy lifting. But as your net worth grew, things quietly became more complicated, and the margin for error shrank.
Now, at seven figures, you can’t continue just investing. You need to manage your taxes strategically, use different account types appropriately, and avoid excessive risk.
Unlike before, in case of massive losses, you’d have a longer road and less time to recover.
At higher income levels, being a bit less efficient in your tax strategy could eat up thousands or tens of thousands of dollars a year.
Too-aggressive an allocation could set you back years.
Too conservative a one will compound your returns far more slowly than they could.
The wrong withdrawals can lead to large penalties.
Individually, none of these feels critical. But repeated over time, they can quietly reduce what your portfolio can ultimately support.
Not overnight. Not in an obvious way. But slowly, quietly compounding in a way that only becomes visible years later, when your options are more limited.
And whether you want it or not, over time, as assets grow and as you use debt strategically, your financial life gets more complicated.
More accounts.
More tax implications.
More people who count on you to get things right.
Which makes coordination more important than ever.
So, what should you do next?
At this stage, the better question to ask isn’t, “Can I keep doing this myself?”
It’s, “Now that I’ve made it this far, what gives me the highest likelihood of achieving the best outcomes with the least stress?”
For some, continuing the DIY route is the better answer. For others, it’s engaging the right professional help.
What Does a Good Advisor Actually Do?
At this point, if you’re seriously considering hiring a financial advisor, it’s important to be clear on what you’d be paying for. Here are some of the main things.
Investment management (or advice if you prefer to keep your own finger on the trigger), but that’s the least differentiated part of an advisor’s job, the tip of the proverbial iceberg.
Help navigate complicated, interconnected, emotionally driven decisions. E.g., when to retire; how much you can safely spend; if, when, and how much to convert into Roth accounts; when to claim Social Security benefits; how to handle major, unexpected expenses, or large windfalls. These aren’t always one-off questions. You often need to revisit them as the years go by.
Tax strategy around investments, charitable giving, etc. When to draw, from what account, how much to give, and when, etc. You can’t (legally) avoid taxes, but the right setup and the right choices can help you minimize your tax liability over a lifetime.
Coordinate your entire financial situation, including different account types with different tax treatments, different asset classes that bring in returns that get taxed differently, competing goals, and interconnected insurance decisions (e.g., how big an umbrella policy makes sense, what type and how large a life insurance policy you should buy, and which carriers’ policies are your best fits). A good advisor can even help you find the best offer and negotiate the best deal on a car purchase from a dealer.
Provide emotional ballast when markets crash and/or your spending spikes. This is crucial to prevent short-term thinking and emotional reactions from derailing your long-term plan. The value of this behavioral support can’t be quantified ahead of time, but over a lifetime, it can be one of the biggest drivers of optimal outcomes.
Reduce complexity and mental and emotional load. Yes, you can probably do it all yourself. But a good advisor can take many tasks off your plate so you don’t have to. Things like tracking market conditions, insurance assessment, finding the best providers for, e.g., concierge services, etc. This not only improves financial outcomes but also reduces stress and improves your quality of life.
As mentioned above, if you’re a single financial point of failure for your family, a good advisor can provide a critical backup system.
It Isn’t All or Nothing!
It’s a common misconception. Hiring a financial advisor isn’t all or nothing. It isn’t a choice between doing everything yourself or handing everything over. Certainly not from Day One.
You could hire a full-service advisor, especially if your situation is especially complicated and you prefer to delegate everything to a pro.
Or, you could pay a flat fee for a financial plan or advice around a specific decision, then implement it yourself. This is best if you’re capable, engaged, like doing things yourself, and just want a second opinion or a better-structured overall plan.
Another option is as-needed advice, paid by the hour. This is best when you don’t need ongoing support, but want to have someone you can call on for advice whenever you need it.
Or, finally, you can go for a hybrid approach. This could be getting an initial plan including asset allocation, followed by occasional check-ins when needed, or using a robo-advisor for portfolio management, and paying for as-needed human advice when you need more.
What the Pros Say
I asked several financial advisors some questions regarding both sides of the “do they/don’t they” divide regarding millionaires needing professional support.
Here’s what they have to say.
Q. In your experience, what’s the clearest sign that someone who has built a significant portfolio on their own would benefit from working with a financial advisor?
A. Ben Simerly, CFP®, Financial Advisor and Founder of Lakehouse Family Wealth, kicks things off for us, “The clearest sign that someone who has built a significant portfolio on their own would benefit from working with a financial advisor is if they think they don’t need an advisor.
“For this one, talk to any business owner or leader in human history. The best will tell you that the #1 thing they look for in finding a ‘smart’ person is the combination of mental state and passion for learning more about what they don’t know, and an understanding that they actually know so little that they will always need help.
“One of the best compliments to any hungry mind is _”that guy/gal really knows what they don’t know…’And if I manage to die knowing even a hint of what I do not know, it will be a life well learned.’ The smartest people in the room always ask for help, across all of history, in every profession, in every scenario. The only real question is how much help, in what ways, and who will be in charge of the team. And this dictum bears out.
“Often, the prospective clients who believe they need an advisor the most have done a far better job than those who are convinced they don’t need an advisor, but want some free ideas.”
Steven Crane, Founder of Financial Legacy Builders, adds, “The clearest sign someone with a million-dollar portfolio needs an advisor is when the decisions start getting more complex than the investments themselves. Building wealth is one skill. Turning that wealth into sustainable income, managing taxes, and making smart decisions under pressure is a completely different skill set. I’ve seen plenty of people do a great job accumulating assets, but then struggle when it’s time to actually use the money.”
Jeffrey J. Smith, Founder and Managing Partner of OWL Private Wealth Advisors, offers a nuanced view, “In my experience, having a $1 million portfolio doesn’t automatically mean you should have a financial advisor. Some people are delegators and like the idea of partnering with a professional in order to keep them on the right path when it comes to their asset allocation, asset location, tax planning, estate and charitable planning goals, along with their income planning needs. For others, they are just fine as a DIY investor with $1 million or even more. There needs to be a fit between the two parties, and in many cases, that partnership can be better than going at it alone.”
Scot Johnson, CFA, Principal & Chief Investment Officer at Adell, Harriman & Carpenter, Inc., offers some observations: “There doesn’t appear to be any rhyme or reason to how the portfolio was constructed. Advisors build portfolios to target client goals and aspirations, not to accommodate a collection of stock-of-the-week picks. We will also often find that portfolios are concentrated in the market sector where the prospective client works and feels knowledgeable. Advisors build portfolios that are diversified across sectors. Each of those sectors will at some point have its proverbial day in the sun, and advisors will want to make sure clients have exposure when that day comes, even if we don’t know when it will arrive.”
Don Rudolph, Fixed Fee Fiduciary at FlatFeeCIO, shares how financial advice, these days, can be far less expensive, and thus far more approachable for many. He says, “Experienced advice is far more accessible today than even 5 or 10 years ago. We are in a new era of efficient wealth management where far lower fixed annual fees are transforming financial outcomes for affluent investors by unlocking the potential for tens of thousands of dollars in savings each year versus legacy level percentage on asset fees.
“Today, the full-service wealth suite that includes ongoing wealth management and tax and estate planning is available for a far lower single fixed annual fee based on complexity and curated for the exact services needed, versus a one-size-fits-all decades-old percentage on asset fee. The current AI disruption is rapidly accelerating this efficient wealth services wave toward fixed-fee fiduciaries as a preferred engagement alternative for affluent families.”
Q.How can a good financial advisor add value for a millionaire in ways that most people don’t fully appreciate?
A. Simerly points out the difference a financial advisor’s team can make, “For many clients aged 55 with $1 million in investable assets, we can often add 2-4% to returns, and cut taxes in retirement by 75% to 95%. That often translates to a retirement income that is 1.5 to 3 times what it would have been before they came to us.
“The key here is that plenty of our clients are more than smart enough to do my job. The difference is time. It’s the experience and knowledge that we have because of time in the seat that home investors cannot possibly accumulate on their own without changing careers or forgoing an actual retirement.
“The other is the team approach. A team always beats the performance of a single individual. Every single time. When you add an advisor, you add their team. You add tax-planning-focused accountants, you add financial and generationally focused estate attorneys, you add any specialists needed, etc. Better teams always win. And I quite simply do not believe in losing, so, I believe in better teams.”
Crane expands beyond investment advice, “Where a good advisor adds value isn’t usually in picking better investments. It’s in helping someone avoid costly mistakes. Things like pulling money out at the wrong time, making poor tax decisions, or not having a clear withdrawal strategy in retirement. Those decisions can quietly cost far more than any advisory fee.”
Johnson points out how an advisor can tell you what you need to know, even if you’d prefer not to hear it, “A good financial advisor adds value for a millionaire in ways that most people don’t fully appreciate, by speaking candidly. Valued advisors tell clients what they need to hear, even if it’s not what they want to hear. Advisors can provide a sounding board to help assess risk vs. reward across many aspects of a client’s financial life. An experienced advisor has likely encountered many different life experiences with other clients that can add value to conversations and guidance. A particular client may not have encountered a specific circumstance before, but there’s a good chance that an experienced advisor has helped someone work through that very challenge before.”
Q. What are the key characteristics of someone likely to do just as well, or better, managing their finances without a financial advisor?
A. Simerly says, “The best traits for a potential self-advisor are:
“A thirst for knowing more of what they do not know – how do you have a chance for success without a mindset that you do not know?
“Having more income than needed, giving them room for error
“Being single, because, realistically, with a spouse, who will take the blame when something goes wrong? Who will spend the time with the spouse if one person or both are always stressing over self-managing money and learning what they do not know?”
Crane expands, “There are absolutely people who don’t need a financial advisor, even with a million dollars or more. Typically, they’re disciplined, they keep things simple, and they don’t overreact to markets. They understand their plan, and they stick to it. In a lot of cases, they’re already doing the handful of things that actually matter, saving consistently, investing in low-cost funds, and avoiding emotional decisions.
Q.At what point does the cost of a financial advisor start to outweigh the benefits? For example, does someone with a $10 million portfolio under management take that much more effort for an advisor, or get that much more benefit, than someone with a $1 million or $2 million portfolio, such that the higher AUM fees make sense?
A. Simerly points out, “Advisor needs relative to investable assets are often about asset brackets. The needs for managing accounts of $200,000 and $500,000 are not very different; nor are the needs for managing $3 million or $10 million. But different asset brackets do have different costs. So, to me, the real question is about fit. The right advisor isn’t the best at their craft, but the best at the specific craft that you need. The advisor who is the right fit will also have pricing that is a fit for your situation.”
Crane has the same issue with AUM charges that many clients express: “Where I get more skeptical is when fees start to scale without a clear increase in value. A portfolio doesn’t suddenly become ten times more complex just because it’s ten times larger. Charging a percentage of assets can create a situation where the cost grows faster than the actual work or benefit being provided. At a certain point, especially as portfolios grow into the multi-million range, people should be asking whether they’re paying for advice or just paying more because they have more.”
The Bottom Line
If you think you may need a financial advisor because you’ve reached $1 million, set your mind at ease. You don’t.
It isn’t about a single number, including net worth.
Here’s what does matter:
Has your financial situation become too complex for comfort, or do you feel confident and disciplined enough to continue the DIY path?
How much time and energy do you feel like investing in managing everything yourself?
How likely do you think it is, given your situation, that a good advisor will offer far more value than their fees?
You made it to seven figures on your own, so clearly, you’ve been doing a lot right, and most likely you’ll be fine staying the DIY course.
But is “fine” what you want, or do you prefer “optimal”?
For most people, the best question to ponder isn’t “Do I need a financial advisor?” but rather “Would a good advisor help me achieve better outcomes with less stress, providing more than enough value to justify the cost?”
If your answer to that second question is yes, or even mostly yes, start looking for good advisors who could be a good fit for your needs, interview several, and see if any of them is a good enough fit to try hiring them.
And needless to say, you want a good advisor. Not a mediocre or poor one. You also want to make sure they’re a fiduciary, so they have to put your interests ahead of theirs.
If your answer is no, that’s perfectly fine too.
There isn’t a uniform answer that’s true for everyone, no rule of thumb.
Make the decision that works best for you now, and revisit it when you feel your situation may have changed enough to change your answer.
In practical terms:
If you’re unsure → consider paying for a one-time plan.
If you got multiple “yes” signals → interview advisors and hire the one that seems to be the best fit.
If you got mostly “no” signals → stay the DIY course and reassess in 2–3 years.
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Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be considered financial advice. You should consult a financial professional before making any major financial decisions.
About the Author
Opher Ganel, Ph.D.
My career has had many unpredictable twists and turns. A MSc in theoretical physics, PhD in experimental high-energy physics, postdoc in particle detector R&D, research position in experimental cosmic-ray physics (including a couple of visits to Antarctica), a brief stint at a small engineering services company supporting NASA, followed by starting my own small consulting practice supporting NASA projects and programs. Along the way, I started other micro businesses and helped my wife start and grow her own Marriage and Family Therapy practice. Now, I use all these experiences to also offer financial strategy services to help independent professionals achieve their personal and business finance goals. Connect with me on my own site: OpherGanel.com and/or follow my Medium publication: medium.com/financial-strategy/.
Julian Koski, Chief Investment Officer of New Age Alpha | Image Credit: Institute for Innovation Development
[A novel way to think about portfolio risk is providing a provocative challenge to conventional portfolio management wisdom. It acknowledges that there exists a pricing disconnect between what a company can actually do and what the market believes – and this disconnect is driven by human behavior like overconfidence, herding, storytelling, or fear of missing out. It is not a numbers problem. It is a people problem.
This perspective argues that the real damage to investment performance is not coming from traditional risk measures such as volatility or beta. It comes from belief – from the stories and biases we are buying into. Humans regularly impound assumptions, along with vague and ambiguous information, into stock prices. This leads to prices that make no sense when you look under the hood. It demonstrates how emotion and narrative can drive prices far from reality and this presents risks that investors are not compensated for.
Rather than asking whether a company is overvalued or undervalued, investment managers and investors should ask a more practical question: What is the likelihood that a company will fail to deliver on what the stock price already assumes? Adding this research layer to the investment process would systematically remove stocks most likely to disappoint while maintaining the broader market exposure from an index, mutual fund, ETF, or SMA portfolio.
To better understand this novel risk management and alpha-generating perspective, we reached out to Julian Koski, Chief Investment Officer of New Age Alpha – a Rye, NY-based investment management firm that developed an innovative investment strategy that avoids systematic behavioral biases in stock pricing through objective, probability-based security selection. This led to the development of his h-factor (human factor) research tool and methodology, which uses actuarial science to actually measure the probability that a company will not deliver the growth its stock price expects.
The firm offers this approach through eight actively managed mutual funds, SMA capabilities, model portfolios, Index Licensing, and their SPACE platform, an advisor-only resource available at no cost that translates their h-factor methodology into a practical research, portfolio management, product development, and client communication tool.
As validated by Nobel laureate Daniel Kahneman in a discussion with Julian, and a University of Missouri working paper by Dan W. French and David Javakhadze, it is clear that the h-factor adds greatly to the field of behavioral finance by not providing another behavioral model, but by offering a first-time quantification tool of behavior’s impact on stock prices. By quantifying the extent to which behavioral biases affect stock prices, investors can systematically avoid unpriced behavioral risk and position portfolios to achieve superior risk-adjusted returns.]
Hortz: What in your experience most led you to the development of your h-factor behavioral risk methodology to challenge conventional portfolio management strategies?
Koski: It’s twofold. Consistently losing money; that is number one. Number two was growing up around people in the actuarial business. During my time in South Africa as an audit clerk at one of the biggest insurance companies in the world, I worked with the chief investment officer who gave me the insight into using actuarial science to pick stocks rather than traditional portfolio management processes, with the focus being on avoiding losing stocks.
I was always fascinated by the idea that people could pick stocks, and I initially bought into the prevailing Kool-Aid. I was reading research reports and doing fundamental analysis, all the traditional things investors do, but I realized very quickly that it was just Kool-Aid – investing that way just did not go anywhere. You ended up losing more money than you won.
I was on Wall Street as an investment banker doing all those things, but the real push came when Armen Arus and I joined forces to start a private equity firm back in 1999. It was the time of the dotcom era. You had firms coming into our offices telling us that they had zero revenue but were worth a billion dollars. Well, how do you underwrite that kind of risk when somebody has nothing but a good idea and tells you they are worth a billion dollars?
In response, we conceived the idea that instead of trying to worry about the valuation, let us give them the billion-dollar valuation and work backwards to figure out what that valuation implies. Instead of building term sheets around valuation, we will build them around the company’s ability to deliver the growth implied by the valuation.
In other words, my view as an investment banker at that time was that I would rather own 1% of a company that actually can deliver returns and growth, than own 50% of something that is worthless. In most cases in investment banking, there is a tension that exists between the client, who is the company, and the investors. As an investment banker, who do I represent? Do I represent the people putting the money in or do I represent the client company that is coming to us for money? There is an inherent conflict of interest there. But by going backwards, you remove that conflict of interest because you basically say, “Look, I’ll give you your valuation, but this is what I need you to do to get that valuation.”
Armen and I built that model, then built a probability score around that, all the while acknowledging the disconnect between human behavior and stock prices and borrowing key principles from an actuarial perspective – learning how to invest in equities using probabilities rather than relying on traditional research and selection processes.
Hortz: Can you explain your stance on the role of human behavior’s impact on stock prices and behavioral finance in investing?
Koski: First off, we are not a behavioral economics company. We are not looking to try to “exploit” human behavior. We believe that behavior influences stock prices, and we, as a company, have developed what we believe is the first way to really measure when behavior is actually impacting stock prices.
Our stance is that you cannot exploit human behavior in the traditional sense, like a traditional factor, but you can avoid it. The problem with exploiting behavior is two-fold. One, you do not really know which behavior is at work. Number two, behavioral economics is often arbitraged away very quickly. The market arbitrages any dislocation in behavior quite quickly. So, to capture the effects of behavioral economics, you have to be very quick, but you also have to know which behavior is working. Our view is that we do not care. We do not care what behavior is working.
We just believe that behavior impacts stocks and it is all there in the stock price. We sweep it up completely in our process and say that we do not need to use this in measuring valuation. We only use the facts that we positively know – the financial statements and the stock price. That is all you need because the rest is assumptions with little hard evidence of whether you are right or wrong. You just do not know, so the outcome is going to be random. We feel that the outcomes of traditional Wall Street and asset management analysis simply lead to random outcomes and that is the problem. We, on the other hand, have figured out a way to quantify and measure human behavior’s effects on stock prices, and, therefore, when you can measure it, you can also avoid it.
Daniel Kahneman recognized in our discussions that we offer a unique first-time tool – what we call the h-factor, or human-factor – that quantifies human behavior and offers a tool and methodology that completely differentiates us from other behavioral investing practitioners.
Hortz: Can you explain how you validated that this approach actually measures behavioral risk and offers a useful tool for capturing performance?
Koski: If you think about information, it is broken down into known information and what we call vague and ambiguous information. Known information in investing, to us, is the stock price and the financial statements. Now, that is the same proxy for life insurance.
Life insurance does not underwrite risk based on what they think they know about you. Insurance companies do not ask you, “Are you going to quit smoking? Are you going to go to the gym?” They underwrite risk based on what they know. You either go to the gym or do not smoke, and they underwrite that risk. When you think about a stock, the same thing is true. There are only two things known about a stock at any point in time – financial statements and stock price. Now, if you give financial statements and stock prices to a group of analysts, generally they will all come back with the same consensus view about the valuation of that company.
But the minute you give them vague and ambiguous information as defined by news, stories, and emotion; then the consensus view is all over the place. It is not systematic anymore. By removing this problem completely, we are basically saying that when we make an investment decision, we look hard at the stock price. We want to make sure that the stock price is not being influenced by vague and ambiguous information.
We feel that a nice word for working with vague and ambiguous information is forecasting. The second nice word for it is predicting, and the worst word for it is gambling. By doing it our way, we are removing this speculative behavior.
When we calculate the h-factor scores, we break stocks down into low h-factor scores, which represent low human behavior effects, and high h-factor scores, which represent high human factor effects. We do not see much human behavior effects when a stock price has a 1% probability of failing to deliver the growth implied by the stock price. Now, if a company stock has a 90% chance of failing, that means that the stock price has been heavily impacted by some kind of human behavior – aggressive forecasting or other speculative behavior. What we know from the years and years of doing this is that historically low h-factor stocks outperform the high h-factor stocks 71% of the time, on a quarterly basis.
While it does not work all the time, imagine a 71% chance that low h-factor stocks will outperform high h-factor stocks. It is about being less wrong. That is what it is. We are never going to be right all the time. That is not how it works. In fact, it is important to acknowledge loss because if you do not have loss, then something is wrong. Then you are Madoff. Something is going on here.
Casinos have loss, but they keep you at the table long enough for you to gamble it all away. Well, the same theory applies here. Over long periods of time, we isolate low h-factor stocks versus high h-factor stocks, and that is it. There are moments in history where high h-factor stocks will be in temporary favor, but we have found that they tend to reverse very quickly.
Hortz: Why is the h-factor an important new portfolio management tool?
Koski: The problem with your portfolio today is not that you have too few winners, but that you have too many losers. This is a key point in understanding where alpha comes from. Does it come from picking winners or does it come from avoiding losers?
We think this is a key investment management problem as Wall Street has focused on alpha by picking winners. But if you say that, then you have to have perceived knowledge of the future by forecasting, predicting, or gambling, choose your word, because you do not know a stock’s true valuation. Whereas insurance companies figured out decades ago that it is better to avoid losers than try to determine future events.
Insurance companies do it with a simple probability approach that we have now adopted into the world of stock picking. It is the same thing. Once you understand this different way to calculate stock risk, you realize that calculating probability offers a different tool than trying to forecast the future. You can calculate a probability based on what is known about a stock at any time – the stock price and financials. There is nothing else.
This is the first time that there is a quantitative tool backed by known facts and simple math for investment managers on how human behavior affects portfolio performance.
Hortz: Can you further explain how this is different from other behavioral models that have been developed?
Koski: Well, there is a family of heuristics that behavioral finance managers have created. They have loss aversion, anchoring, things like that. But if you think about them, they are not mathematically driven. They are behaviorally driven. People look at those things and say, “How is the world behaving?” You need to be a psychologist to understand what those behaviors are doing. We do not have that issue. We just know that as long as there are humans involved in making this decision, you are best off avoiding that human behavior.
And again, we say just look at the math. The math that applies in casino operations, in insurance operations, and even in fixed income. We use mathematics on the truths we can see versus the notions of a professional talking head telling us where he or she expects the markets to go.
Hortz: How exactly can investment managers and financial advisors use the h-factor tool and your SPACE platform in their investment process?
Koski: There are two ways. One way is they can simply invest in our mutual funds or SMAs or our upcoming ETFs, and we do it for them. Or number two, we give professional investors full access to the h-factor system, which has the h-factor scores for thousands of stocks around the world. It even has the h-factor score for ETFs because they are also subject to owning stock positions that are carrying a great deal of risk and should be removed.
We make the h-factor system available for free to financial advisors and institutional investment professionals. The statement I always make to them is to at least look at the h-factor scores on some of their portfolio companies and stocks they are researching to understand how much of that stock has been influenced by human behavior. There may be a high probability that you are going to lose money.
So that is how financial professionals can use our h-factor system to look at one individual position, one individual stock. They can also use it to look at a mutual fund, ETF, or SMA, and then apply our h-factor methodology to all the stocks in the product or portfolio, which can help you adjust the risk parameters in the client’s portfolio that they may have.
Hortz: How can the h-factor and SPACE platform help build an advisor’s differentiation and competitive positioning?
Koski: It can become a capability and an analysis research tool that advisors can offer to your clients or prospects for free to differentiate how they are analyzing their clients’ top holdings, whether an ETF, an SMA, or mutual fund. You can keep what is good in their portfolio but offer to make it better by removing the losers from their portfolio or investment vehicle. You can build products with “the losers” – the companies most likely to fail to deliver the revenue growth rate indicated by their stock price – being removed from the portfolio. That is what our system allows you to do – to not give up on active alpha in favor of beta and solve for concentration risk problems that come with many ETFs, mutual funds, or SMA products. So yes, if you can use our tool to actively avoid the losers, you have something that can be quite valuable.
The h-factor platform can become a great approach and offering to gain new clients as a prospecting tool because you are talking about something that a client most probably has never heard of before. Everything today is commoditized with thousands of investment products out there with good performance. How do you extend your value proposition?
The only way to win a new client, or you can charge more for what you do, is by extending your value proposition. And for us, that is the h-factor and its differentiated investment process and story. Clients have not heard of this all before – about avoiding the losers, actuarial risk analysis, and the ability to adjust risk exposures they may not have been aware of. And this is all supported by differentiated research tools and real methodology, not just theory.
And we believe that as an asset manager, our work must go beyond product. I do not focus on product. I focus on how we can create value beyond the product. How can I help advisors build their practice? And with Anthropic announcing that they are now going to launch AI advisory AI bots, you better be doing something unique. We have created a toolkit for advisors to go ahead and show their clients and position them to say, “I have a story that you’ve never heard before backed by mathematics and products that work really well.” It is a story few people are talking about.
Hortz: You have compared the h-factor to “odds on the tote board that a racehorse will win” and emphasized that “you don’t make money by picking favorites”. What other ways can you suggest to explain the h-factor methodology and best way to deploy it in a client’s portfolio?
Koski: If you acknowledge that there may be more luck vs skill in traditional investment management, then you want to have odds on your side. You want to be the casino. When we talk about the h-factor, it is about getting the odds of investment performance more in your favor. It is as simple as that. It does not mean we are always going to be right. That is the way luck works. But the h-factor is no different than the on-base percentage that was used in Moneyball. It is no different than the actuarial tables that life insurance actuaries use. It is no different from casino odds or horse racing odds. It is the same odds. But all of those odds that I just spoke about have one thing in common – every single one of them is calculated based on factual known information.
Wall Street has been hijacked by the talking heads and by the media to believe that we should listen to the talking heads. We have to get back to the mathematics of investing. We are giving them the investment tools and methodology to do it and make a compelling case for selecting securities using actuarial science rather than traditional portfolio management processes. Once we create a relationship with an advisor or other financial professional, it becomes a very immersive relationship where we can really engage with them and show them how to deploy our differentiated investment approach in their practice.
Bill Hortz is an independent business consultant and Founder/Dean of the Institute for Innovation Development- a financial services business innovation platform and network. With over 30 years of experience in the financial services industry including expertise in sales/marketing/branding of asset management firms, as well as, creatively restructuring and developing internal/external sales and strategic account departments for 5 major financial firms, including OppenheimerFunds, Neuberger&Berman and Templeton Funds Distributors. His wide ranging experiences have led Bill to a strong belief, passion and advocation for strategic thinking, innovation creation and strategic account management as the nexus of business skills needed to address a business environment challenged by an accelerating rate of change.
One of the most important financial decisions you’ll make in your 60s is when to claim Social Security. Claim at 62 and you’ll receive benefits for more years, but at a permanently reduced amount. Wait until 70 and you’ll receive 77% more per month for the rest of your life.
The math seems straightforward, but the emotional reality is harder. Watching your savings decline while you wait for a larger benefit feels uncomfortable. Many people claim early simply because they can’t stomach drawing down their retirement accounts.
There’s a better approach. The Social Security bridge strategy uses your retirement savings strategically during your 60s to fund a delay in claiming benefits. For many retirees, especially those who live into their 80s and beyond, this strategy can add hundreds of thousands of dollars to lifetime income.
At MJT & Associates, we help clients model this decision carefully, accounting for taxes, other income sources, and individual circumstances. Here’s how the bridge strategy works and when it makes sense for your situation.
Understanding Social Security’s Claiming Rules
Before diving into the bridge strategy, you need to understand how Social Security benefit amounts change based on when you claim.
You can start claiming Social Security retirement benefits as early as age 62. However, claiming before your full retirement age results in permanently reduced benefits. Your full retirement age depends on your birth year. For most people currently approaching retirement, it’s between 66 and 67.
If you were born in 1960 or later, your full retirement age is 67. Claiming at 62 means accepting a 30% permanent reduction in your monthly benefit. That reduction lasts for your entire retirement, not just until you reach full retirement age.
The real opportunity comes from delaying benefits past full retirement age. For each year you delay claiming between full retirement age and 70, your benefit increases by 8% per year. These are called delayed retirement credits. If your full retirement age is 67 and you wait until 70, your monthly benefit will be 24% higher than your full retirement age amount.
Combined with the reduction for claiming early, the difference between claiming at 62 versus 70 is dramatic. A person entitled to $3,000 per month at age 67 would receive only $2,100 at 62, but $3,720 at 70. That’s a 77% difference in monthly income.
The question becomes: is it worth depleting your savings to access that higher benefit?
What Is the Social Security Bridge Strategy?
The bridge strategy is straightforward in concept. Rather than claiming Social Security early because you need the income, you draw more heavily from your retirement savings during your 60s. This “bridges” the gap between when you stop working and when you claim Social Security at 70.
Here’s how it works in practice. Suppose you retire at 62 with $800,000 in retirement savings. Your Social Security benefit would be $2,100 per month if claimed immediately, or $3,720 if you wait until 70. You need $5,000 per month to cover your living expenses.
Under the traditional approach, you might claim Social Security at 62, getting $2,100 per month, and withdraw the remaining $2,900 monthly from your retirement accounts. That’s $34,800 per year from your savings.
Under the bridge strategy, you delay claiming Social Security and withdraw the full $5,000 monthly from your retirement accounts during your 60s. That’s $60,000 per year from savings. Yes, you’re drawing down your accounts more quickly in the short term. But at age 70, your Social Security benefit starts at $3,720 per month instead of $2,100. That extra $1,620 per month continues for the rest of your life.
The higher Social Security benefit means you withdraw less from your retirement accounts after age 70. Over a typical retirement lasting into your 80s or 90s, research shows you’ll usually end up with more assets using the bridge strategy than claiming early, assuming you live to average life expectancy or beyond.
The bridge strategy essentially trades short-term account depletion for long-term income security.
The Math Behind the Bridge Strategy
Understanding the numbers helps clarify why this strategy often makes financial sense.
Let’s use realistic figures. Assume you’re 62 with $1 million in retirement savings. Your Social Security benefit is $2,500 per month at 62 or $4,425 per month at 70. You need $6,000 monthly for expenses.
Scenario 1: Claim at 62
Social Security: $2,500/month ($30,000/year)
Withdrawal from savings: $3,500/month ($42,000/year)
By age 70, you’ve withdrawn approximately $336,000 from savings
From 70 onward, you still need $1,500/month from savings ($18,000/year) since Social Security doesn’t cover all expenses
Scenario 2: Bridge Strategy (Claim at 70)
Ages 62-70: Withdrawal from savings: $6,000/month ($72,000/year)
By age 70, you’ve withdrawn approximately $576,000 from savings
At 70, Social Security starts at $4,425/month ($53,100/year)
From 70 onward, you need only $1,575/month from savings ($18,900/year)
At first glance, Scenario 1 looks better because you’ve preserved more savings by age 70. But here’s what happens over time.
The key is that Scenario 2 provides $1,925 more per month in Social Security income starting at 70. That’s $23,100 more per year in inflation-adjusted, guaranteed income. If you live to 85, that’s an additional $346,500 in Social Security benefits. Even accounting for the extra $240,000 you withdrew during the bridge period, you come out significantly ahead.
Moreover, because Social Security benefits are taxed more favorably than IRA distributions (at most 85% of Social Security is taxable, and many people pay taxes on much less), the after-tax advantage of the bridge strategy is even more pronounced.
Research from the Bipartisan Policy Center confirms this finding. For people who live to average life expectancy or beyond, using assets to delay Social Security claiming results in more wealth preservation than claiming early.
Tax Advantages of the Bridge Strategy
One often-overlooked benefit of the bridge strategy is the favorable tax treatment.
When you withdraw from traditional IRAs and 401(k)s, every dollar is taxed as ordinary income. If you’re in the 22% federal bracket, a $50,000 withdrawal costs you $11,000 in federal taxes alone.
Social Security benefits receive preferential tax treatment. Depending on your income, anywhere from 0% to 85% of your benefits are taxable. Many retirees pay taxes on only 50% or even 0% of their Social Security income, especially if they manage their other income sources carefully.
This creates a tax arbitrage opportunity. During your bridge years (ages 62-70), you pay full ordinary income tax on larger IRA withdrawals. But starting at 70, you receive much more income from Social Security with better tax treatment and withdraw less from IRAs.
There’s an additional tax planning opportunity here. The bridge years, when you’re taking larger IRA distributions, can be ideal years for Roth conversions. You’re already in a higher tax bracket due to larger withdrawals, and you don’t have Social Security income yet to push you into even higher brackets.
After you start claiming Social Security at 70, your IRA withdrawals drop significantly, potentially moving you to a lower bracket. You’ll be glad you did Roth conversions during the bridge years when your effective tax rate made conversions advantageous.
We explore this strategy in depth in “Is a Roth Conversion Right for You?” and show how coordinating Social Security timing with Roth conversions can save substantial taxes over your lifetime.
When the Bridge Strategy Makes Sense
The bridge strategy isn’t right for everyone. Here are the situations where it makes the most sense.
You’re in good health with family longevity. The bridge strategy pays off when you live long enough to collect the higher benefit for many years. If both your parents lived into their 90s and you’re in excellent health, the strategy becomes very attractive. Life expectancy for someone who reaches 65 is now 84 for men and 87 for women, and many people live considerably longer.
You have adequate retirement savings. You need sufficient assets to fund the bridge period. As a general rule, if you have at least 15 to 20 times your annual expenses in retirement savings (not counting your home), the bridge strategy is feasible. For someone needing $60,000 annually, that means $900,000 to $1.2 million in investable assets.
You’re retiring early or your spouse is younger. If you retire at 55 or 60, you have more years to bridge before claiming at 70. This makes the strategy more complex but potentially more valuable. Similarly, if you have a younger spouse who could be collecting survivor benefits for decades, maximizing your benefit becomes even more important.
You want to maximize survivor benefits. When you die, your spouse receives the higher of their own benefit or your benefit. If you delay claiming and maximize your benefit, you’re also maximizing the survivor benefit your spouse will receive for the rest of their life. This is especially important if you were the higher earner.
You sold a business or received a windfall. For entrepreneurs who recently sold their business, you may have the liquid assets needed to fund a bridge strategy comfortably. The sale proceeds can support your lifestyle while you delay claiming, resulting in significantly higher lifetime income from Social Security.
There are also clear situations where claiming earlier makes more sense than employing a bridge strategy.
You have serious health issues. If you have a condition that significantly reduces your life expectancy below average, claiming earlier allows you to maximize total benefits received over your shorter retirement. The break-even point for delaying from 62 to 70 is typically somewhere in your late 70s to early 80s. If you’re unlikely to reach that age, claim earlier.
You have insufficient assets for a bridge. If your retirement savings are modest and you need Social Security income to cover basic living expenses, you may not have the luxury of waiting. Claiming at 62 or full retirement age becomes necessary rather than optional.
Your spouse has their own substantial benefit. If both spouses have worked and earned similar amounts, the survivor benefit advantage becomes less important. You might choose to have one spouse claim early while the other delays, creating a diversified claiming strategy.
You face job loss and can’t find work. If you lose your job in your early 60s and despite your best efforts cannot find employment, claiming Social Security may be necessary to bridge the gap to Medicare at 65 and provide essential income.
You’re recently divorced. After divorce, claiming decisions become more complex. You may be eligible for benefits based on your ex-spouse’s record if you were married at least 10 years. Understanding these rules and coordinating your claiming strategy with your divorce settlement is essential.
Coordinating the Bridge Strategy with Other Retirement Decisions
The bridge strategy doesn’t exist in isolation. It must coordinate with several other important retirement planning decisions.
Healthcare coverage before Medicare. If you retire before 65, you need healthcare coverage until Medicare begins. COBRA coverage from your former employer typically lasts 18 months. After that, you’ll need coverage from the ACA marketplace, a spouse’s plan, or private insurance. Factor these costs into your bridge period expenses.
Required Minimum Distributions. RMDs begin at age 73 for those born in 1951 or later. If you’re using the bridge strategy and reach RMD age before claiming Social Security, your required distributions might push you into higher tax brackets. Plan for this by modeling different scenarios or consider Roth conversions before RMDs begin.
Pension considerations. If you have a pension, understand how the claiming age affects your benefit and how it coordinates with Social Security. Some pensions reduce at certain ages assuming you’ll claim Social Security. Others offer different payout options that might influence your Social Security timing.
Part-time work. Some retirees work part-time during their 60s, either for income or personal fulfillment. If you earn above certain limits before full retirement age while claiming Social Security, your benefits will be reduced temporarily. This is another factor favoring delay. Once you reach full retirement age, earnings no longer affect benefits.
Spousal coordination. If you’re married, your claiming decisions should be coordinated. Often, the higher earner delays to 70 while the lower earner claims earlier. This provides some current income while maximizing the survivor benefit for whoever lives longer.
How to Implement a Bridge Strategy
If you’ve determined the bridge strategy makes sense for your situation, here’s how to implement it effectively.
Step 1: Model your specific situation. Use online calculators or work with a financial advisor to model claiming at different ages. Include your savings, expected returns, taxes, other income sources, and estimated longevity. The Social Security Administration’s website offers helpful tools, though they don’t account for taxes or other assets.
Step 2: Identify which accounts to draw from. Generally, draw from taxable accounts first, then traditional retirement accounts, saving Roth accounts for last. However, your situation might benefit from a different sequence. Tax planning during bridge years is critical.
Step 3: Consider Roth conversions. The bridge years offer a potential window for strategic Roth conversions. You’re already taking larger distributions and paying taxes. Converting additional amounts from traditional to Roth might make sense before Social Security income starts and potentially pushes you into higher brackets.
Step 4: Plan for sequence of returns risk. If you retire right before or during a market downturn, taking large withdrawals from declining accounts can be dangerous. Consider keeping 2-3 years of expenses in cash or short-term bonds to avoid selling stocks at depressed prices. Alternatively, have a plan to reduce spending or generate income if markets decline significantly.
Step 5: Review and adjust. Your bridge strategy isn’t set in stone. If your health changes, markets perform differently than expected, or tax laws change, you can adjust your claiming age. Up until the month you file for benefits, you can change your mind. Even after filing, you have a brief window to withdraw your application.
Step 6: File at the right time. Social Security benefits begin the month after you reach your target age. If you want benefits to start in January after turning 70, file in December. Applications can be filed up to four months before you want benefits to begin. Don’t miss your target date due to processing delays.
Special Considerations for Different Situations
Business Owners and Entrepreneurs
If you’ve sold your business or are planning an exit, the bridge strategy often makes excellent sense. Sale proceeds give you the liquid assets needed to fund the bridge period comfortably. The significantly higher Social Security benefit provides a guaranteed income floor that reduces pressure on your investment portfolio.
Many business owners are accustomed to controlling their income and may feel uncomfortable letting go of immediate Social Security income. However, think of delaying as making an investment with an 8% annual guaranteed return (the delayed retirement credit) that’s also inflation-adjusted and lasts for life. That’s a better return than most fixed income investments offer.
Divorced Individuals
Divorce complicates Social Security planning significantly. If you were married at least 10 years, you may be eligible for benefits based on your ex-spouse’s record. You can claim these benefits as early as 62, and your claiming doesn’t affect your ex-spouse’s benefits or their current spouse’s benefits.
The rules are complex. You can switch between your own benefit and an ex-spousal benefit at different times to maximize lifetime income. This requires careful planning, and a bridge strategy might apply to either or both benefits.
If you’re recently divorced and rebuilding financially, you may not have adequate assets for a bridge strategy. In this case, understanding which benefit to claim and when becomes even more critical. Consider consulting with a Social Security expert as part of your post-divorce financial planning.
Surviving Spouses
If your spouse has passed away and you’re deciding when to claim survivor benefits, the same general principles apply. Survivor benefits can begin as early as 60 (or 50 if you’re disabled), but they’re permanently reduced if claimed before your full retirement age.
You can claim a survivor benefit early and then switch to your own benefit later if it’s higher, or vice versa. This sequential claiming strategy can be valuable, but it requires understanding the complex rules around switching between benefit types.
The Role of Professional Guidance
Given the complexity of Social Security claiming decisions and their interaction with taxes, investments, healthcare, and other retirement income sources, professional guidance often pays for itself many times over.
A comprehensive financial advisor can model different scenarios specific to your situation, accounting for all relevant factors. They can show you the break-even ages, after-tax income, and total lifetime benefits under different claiming strategies.
They can also help you coordinate Social Security timing with Roth conversions, required minimum distributions, healthcare planning, and estate planning. All these pieces work together, and optimizing one without considering the others can lead to suboptimal outcomes.
At MJT & Associates, we take what we call a holistic approach to retirement planning. We don’t just look at Social Security in isolation. We consider how it fits with everything else in your financial life: your savings, your taxes, your estate plan, and your goals.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the break-even age for delaying Social Security benefits?
The break-even age is when the total benefits received from delaying equal the total from claiming early. For delaying from 62 to 70, break-even is typically around age 78 to 82, depending on your specific benefit amounts. However, this simple calculation ignores several important factors: taxes (Social Security is taxed more favorably), inflation protection (Social Security includes annual cost-of-living adjustments), survivor benefits (your spouse may collect for decades), and investment returns on your portfolio (the bridge strategy can actually preserve more wealth long-term). The true “break-even” analysis is more complex than it first appears.
Should I take Social Security at 62 and invest it for better returns?
This strategy sounds appealing but rarely works out mathematically. First, delayed retirement credits provide an 8% annual increase that’s guaranteed and inflation-adjusted, which is difficult to beat after-tax in fixed income investments. Second, taking benefits at 62 means a permanent 30% reduction that affects you for life, including cost-of-living adjustments on that lower base. Third, behavioral research shows that people who receive Social Security typically spend it rather than invest it. Finally, the tax treatment of Social Security income is more favorable than investment returns from taxable accounts. Unless you’re exceptionally disciplined and skilled at investing, delaying usually produces better outcomes.
How does the bridge strategy affect my spouse’s survivor benefits?
This is one of the bridge strategy’s most powerful advantages. When you die, your surviving spouse receives the higher of their own benefit or yours. By delaying to age 70 and maximizing your benefit, you ensure your spouse receives the highest possible survivor benefit for the rest of their life. If your spouse is younger or in better health than you, this could mean decades of higher income. For a couple where one person was the significantly higher earner, maximizing that person’s benefit through delayed claiming is often the single most important retirement planning decision they’ll make.
Can I change my mind after I start claiming Social Security?
You have limited opportunities to change your mind. Within 12 months of first claiming, you can withdraw your application, pay back all benefits received, and reapply later. This option is available only once in your lifetime. After 12 months, you cannot withdraw your application. However, if you’re at full retirement age or older, you can voluntarily suspend your benefits to earn delayed retirement credits, then restart them later at a higher amount. This doesn’t undo the reduction from claiming early, but it allows some correction. The best approach is to plan carefully before claiming to avoid needing these do-over provisions.
What if markets crash right after I retire and I’m using the bridge strategy?
This is a real risk called sequence of returns risk. If you retire at 62, plan to delay Social Security until 70, and markets drop 30% in year one, you’ll be withdrawing from a declining portfolio. To protect against this: maintain 2-3 years of expenses in cash or short-term bonds so you’re not forced to sell stocks at depressed prices, consider building flexibility into your spending plan so you can reduce withdrawals temporarily if markets decline severely, have a backup plan such as part-time work or accelerating your Social Security claim if absolutely necessary, or purchase an income annuity to guarantee a portion of your bridge income needs. A good financial plan accounts for this possibility and builds in protections rather than assuming markets will cooperate with your timeline.
Conclusion
The Social Security bridge strategy represents one of the most powerful retirement planning tools available, yet relatively few retirees use it. The emotional difficulty of watching savings decline during your 60s prevents many people from capturing hundreds of thousands of dollars in additional lifetime benefits.
The key to successful implementation is careful planning that accounts for your complete financial picture: your savings, your health, your tax situation, other income sources, and your goals. The bridge strategy isn’t right for everyone, but for those with adequate savings and reasonable health, it often provides the highest lifetime income.
At MJT & Associates, we help clients navigate this complex decision by modeling different scenarios, stress-testing assumptions, and integrating Social Security planning with Roth conversions, tax planning, and estate planning. We’ve seen firsthand how proper Social Security timing can add hundreds of thousands of dollars to a family’s wealth over retirement.
The decision of when to claim Social Security is too important to make based on gut feeling or general rules of thumb. Your situation deserves individual analysis that accounts for all relevant factors.
Ready to explore whether a Social Security bridge strategy makes sense for your situation? Contact us today for a comprehensive analysis. We’ll model your specific circumstances, show you the numbers, and help you make this critical decision with confidence. Your Social Security claiming strategy could be the difference between a comfortable retirement and an exceptional one.